如何使用Django发送邮件-创新互联
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Django发送邮件
需要使用到模块 from django.core.mail import send_mail,send_mass_mail SMTP为邮件服务器，每一种邮箱smtp服务器地址不一样，自行百度 如163邮箱为smtp.163.com
一、在settings中添加配置
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
# 'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
#邮件配置
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True #是否使用TLS安全传输协议(用于在两个通信应用程序之间提供保密性和数据完整性。
EMAIL_USE_SSL = False #是否使用SSL加密，qq企业邮箱要求使用
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com' #发送邮件的邮箱 的 SMTP服务器，这里用了163邮箱
EMAIL_PORT = 25 #发件箱的SMTP服务器端口
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '######@163.com' #发送邮件的邮箱地址
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'pwd'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = 'zjw <#####@163.com>'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
# 如下选项，表示将session对象交给redis管理
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "default"在中urls添加配置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls import include, url
urlpatterns = [
url('admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'Voting_items/', include('news.urls',namespace='voting')),
]以上配置就可以实现使用#######@163.com邮箱发送邮件
二、如何发送
编写模板文件
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User #Create your models here. class MyUser(User): #继承Django自带的USer模型类并重写 url = models.URLField(blank=True, null=True, default="http://www.baidu.com") class Meta(): verbose_name = "用户" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
去admin中注册
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import *
#Register your models here.
admin.site.register(MyUser)
生成迁移文件并在数据库创建表
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
编写路由
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views app_name= 'voting' urlpatterns = [ # 验证码 url(r'^verify/$', views.verify, name='verify'), # 注册 url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name='regist'), # 发邮件 url(r'^active/(.*?)/$',views.active,name='active'), ]
编写视图
视图函数如下
1、安装 itsdangerous
pip install itsdangerous
2、序列化
from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer,SignatureExpired
#发邮件
from django.core.mail import send_mail, send_mass_mail, EmailMultiAlternatives
from django.conf import settings
import random,io
#引入序列化加密并且有效期信息
from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer,SignatureExpired
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import MyUser
def regist(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'Voting_items/regist.html')
if request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST.get("username_regi")
pwd = request.POST.get("password_regi")
pwd2 = request.POST.get("password_regi_2")
res = None
try:
MyUser.objects.get()
users = MyUser.objects.get_by_natural_key(username=username)
if username == str(users):
res = "该用户已注册"
return render(request, 'Voting_items/login.html', {"res": res})
except Exception as q:
print(q)
if pwd != pwd2:
res = "密码不一致"
return render(request, 'Voting_items/login.html', {"res": res})
else:
res = "注册成功,请在2个小时内激活。"
user = MyUser.objects.create_user(username= username, password=pwd, url = 'http://www.baidu.com')
print(user.id,user.username,user.is_active)
# 注册用户之后默认为非激活状态
user.is_active = False
user.save()
# 为了防止非人为激活，需要将激活地址加密
# 带有有效期的序列化
# 1 得到序列化工具
serutil = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY,expires_in=7200)
# 2 使用工具对字典对象序列化
result = serutil.dumps({"userid": user.id }).decode("utf-8")
# print(result, type(result))
mail = EmailMultiAlternatives("点击激活用户","请点击：点击激活"%(result,),settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL,['zjw505104341@163.com'])
mail.content_subtype = "html"
mail.send()
return render(request, 'Voting_items/login.html', {"res": res}) #加密数据并存到serutive中
def active(request,info):
serutil = Serializer(settings.SECRET_KEY,expires_in=7200)
try:
obj = serutil.loads(info)
print(obj["userid"])
id = obj["userid"]
user = get_object_or_404(MyUser, pk=id)
user.is_active = True
user.save()
return redirect(reverse('voting:login'), {"res": "激活成功。"})
except SignatureExpired as e:
return HttpResponse("过期了")#验证码
def verify(request):
# try:
#with open('1.png', 'wb') as f:
#return HttpResponse(f.readable())
#except Exception as e:
#print(e)
#return HttpResponse("出错了")
#每次请求验证码，需要使用pillow构造出图像，返回
#定义变量，用于画面的背景色、宽、高
bgcolor = (random.randrange(20, 100),
random.randrange(20, 100),
random.randrange(20, 100))
width = 100
heigth = 35
#创建画面对象
im = Image.new('RGB', (width, heigth), bgcolor)
#创建画笔对象
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
#调用画笔的point()函数绘制噪点
for i in range(0, 100):
# 随机取得位置
xy = (random.randrange(0, width), random.randrange(0, heigth))
#随机取得颜色
fill = (random.randrange(0, 255), 255, random.randrange(0, 255))
#填充
draw.point(xy, fill=fill)
#定义验证码的备选值
str1 = 'ABCD123EFGHIJK456LMNOPQRS789TUVWXYZ0qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm'
#随机选取4个值作为验证码
rand_str = ''
for i in range(0, 4):
rand_str += str1[random.randrange(0, len(str1))]
print(rand_str)
#构造字体对象
font = ImageFont.truetype('cambriab.ttf', 23)
fontcolor = (255, random.randrange(0, 255), random.randrange(0, 255))
#绘制4个字
draw.text((5, 2), rand_str[0], font=font, fill=fontcolor)
draw.text((25, 2), rand_str[1], font=font, fill=fontcolor)
draw.text((50, 2), rand_str[2], font=font, fill=fontcolor)
draw.text((75, 2), rand_str[3], font=font, fill=fontcolor)
#释放画笔
del draw
request.session['verifycode'] = rand_str
f = io.BytesIO()
im.save(f, 'png')
#将内存中的图片数据返回给客户端，MIME类型为图片png
return HttpResponse(f.getvalue(), 'image/png')编写界面
我用到了模板继承 下面这是login界面
{% extends 'Base.html' %}
{% block title %}
登陆界面
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
{% comment %}
{% csrf_token %}
{{lf}}
{% csrf_token %}
{{rf}}
{% endcomment %}
登陆
注册
状态:{{ res }}
登陆页面