Nginx是如何实现七层的负载均衡的-创新互联
下文给大家带来Nginx是如何实现七层的负载均衡的，希望能够给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助，负载均衡涉及的东西比较多，理论也不多，网上有很多书籍，今天我们就用创新互联在行业内累计的经验来做一个解答。
成都创新互联公司是专业的彭山网站建设公司，彭山接单;提供网站制作、成都网站制作,网页设计,网站设计,建网站,PHP网站建设等专业做网站服务;采用PHP框架,可快速的进行彭山网站开发网页制作和功能扩展;专业做搜索引擎喜爱的网站,专业的做网站团队,希望更多企业前来合作! 
Nginx实现七层的负载均衡
调度到不同组后端云服务器
1. 动静分离
2. 网站进行分区
=================================================================================
拓扑结构
[vip: 20.20.20.20]
[LB1 Nginx] [LB2 Nginx]
192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3
[index] [milis] [videos] [p_w_picpaths] [news]
1.11 1.21 1.31 1.41 1.51
1.12 1.22 1.32 1.42 1.52
1.13 1.23 1.33 1.43 1.53
... ... ... ... ...
/web /web/milis /web/videos /web/p_w_picpaths /web/news
index.html index.html index.html index.html
一、实施过程
方案一 根据站点分区进行调度
http {
upstream index {
server 192.168.1.11:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.12:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.13:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
upstream milis {
server 192.168.1.21:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.22:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.23:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
upstream videos {
server 192.168.1.31:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.32:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.33:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
upstream p_w_picpaths {
server 192.168.1.41:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.42:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.43:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
upstream news {
server 192.168.1.51:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.52:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.53:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://index;
}
location /news {
proxy_pass http://news;
}
location /milis {
proxy_pass http://milis;
}
location ~* \.(wmv|mp4|rmvb)$ {
proxy_pass http://videos;
}
location ~* \.(png|gif|jpg)$ {
proxy_pass http://p_w_picpaths;
}
}
方案二 根据动静分离进行调度
http {
upstream htmlservers {
server 192.168.1.1:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.2:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
upstream phpservers {
server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
}
server {
location ~* \.html$ {
proxy_pass http://htmlservers;
}
location ~* \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://phpservers;
}
}
}
二、Keepalived实现调度器HA
注：主/备调度器均能够实现正常调度
1. 主/备调度器安装软件
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install keepalived
2. Keepalived
BACKUP1
[root@uplook ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_iddirector1 //辅助改为director2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
nopreempt
interface eth0 //心跳接口，尽量单独连接心跳
virtual_router_id 80//整个集群的调度器一致
priority 100 //辅助改为50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
20.20.20.20
}
}
BACKUP2
3. 启动KeepAlived（主备均启动）
[root@uplook ~]# chkconfig keepalived on
[root@uplook ~]# service keepalived start
[root@uplook ~]# ip addr
到此：
可以解决心跳故障keepalived
不能解决Nginx服务故障
4. 扩展对调度器Nginx健康检查（可选）
思路：
让Keepalived以一定时间间隔执行一个外部脚本，脚本的功能是当Nginx失败，则关闭本机的Keepalived
a. script
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/curl -I http://localhost &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
[root@master ~]# chmod a+x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh
b. keepalived使用script
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id director1
}
vrrp_scriptcheck_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx_status.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
nopreempt
virtual_router_id 90
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass uplook
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.80
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
注：必须先启动nginx，再启动keepalived
调度到同一组后端服务器
网站没按业务/版块拆分，所有后端服务器提供整站代码。
=================================================================================
拓扑结构
[LB Nginx]
20.20.20.20
192.168.1.2
[httpd] [httpd] [httpd]
192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 192.168.1.5
实施过程
1. nginx
http {
upstream httpservers {
server 192.168.1.3:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.4:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.5:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
server 192.168.1.100:80 backup; 等3、4、5 挂掉100上线
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://httpservers;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
}
2.Apache LogFormat 可选
LogFormat "%{X-Real-IP}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
3. Nginx LogFormat
=================================================================================
看了以上关于Nginx是如何实现七层的负载均衡的，如果大家还有什么地方需要了解的可以在创新互联行业资讯里查找自己感兴趣的或者找我们的专业技术工程师解答的，创新互联技术工程师在行业内拥有十几年的经验了。创新互联官网链接www.yisu.com
另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn，海内外云服务器15元起步，三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线，公司持有idc许可证，提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案，具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势，专为企业上云打造定制，能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。
当前名称：Nginx是如何实现七层的负载均衡的-创新互联
当前链接：http://pwwzsj.com/article/cdpips.html
