57-1、2、3NoSQL基础及MongoDB、Mongo-创新互联
02MongoDB基本应用
配置环境：
node1:192.168.1.121CentOS release 6.7
[root@node1 ~]# cd mongodb-2.6.4/
[root@node1 mongodb-2.6.4]# ls
mongodb-org-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm mongodb-org-shell-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm
mongodb-org-mongos-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm mongodb-org-tools-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm
mongodb-org-server-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 mongodb-2.6.4]# yum install mongodb-org-server-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm mongodb-org-shell-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm mongodb-org-tools-2.6.4-1.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@node1 mongodb-2.6.4]# cd
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /mongodb/data
[root@node1 ~]# id mongod
uid=496(mongod) gid=492(mongod) groups=492(mongod)
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R mongod.mongod /mongodb/
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
修改
dbpath=/var/lib/mongo
为
dbpath=/mongodb/data
修改
bind_ip=127.0.0.1
为
#bind_ip=127.0.0.1
修改
#httpinterface=true
为
httpinterface=true
rest=true
[root@node1 ~]# service mongod start
[root@node1 ~]# ls /mongodb/data/
journal local.0 local.ns mongod.lock _tmp
[root@node1 ~]# du -sh /mongodb/data/
3.1G /mongodb/data/
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::39591 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:27017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:28017 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:46453 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
[root@node1 ~]# mongo --host 192.168.1.121
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4
connecting to: 192.168.1.121:27017/test
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078GB
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078GB
> db.stats()
{
"db" : "testdb",
"collections" : 0,
"objects" : 0,
"avgObjSize" : 0,
"dataSize" : 0,
"storageSize" : 0,
"numExtents" : 0,
"indexes" : 0,
"indexSize" : 0,
"fileSize" : 0,
"dataFileVersion" : {
},
"ok" : 1
}
> db.version()
2.6.4
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ ]
#插入数据
> db.students.insert({name:"tom",age:23})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show collections
students
system.indexes
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078GB
testdb 0.078GB
> db.students.stats()
{
"ns" : "testdb.students",
"count" : 1,
"size" : 112,
"avgObjSize" : 112,
"storageSize" : 8192,
"numExtents" : 1,
"nindexes" : 1,
"lastExtentSize" : 8192,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"systemFlags" : 1,
"userFlags" : 1,
"totalIndexSize" : 8176,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176
},
"ok" : 1
}
> db.getCollectionNames()
[ "students", "system.indexes" ]
> db.students.insert ({name:"jerry",age:40,gender:"M"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.students.stats()
{
"ns" : "test.students",
"count" : 1,
"size" : 112,
"avgObjSize" : 112,
"storageSize" : 8192,
"numExtents" : 1,
"nindexes" : 1,
"lastExtentSize" : 8192,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"systemFlags" : 1,
"userFlags" : 1,
"totalIndexSize" : 8176,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176
},
"ok" : 1
}
#帮助：
> db.mycoll.help()
> db.mycoll.find.help()
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
> db.students.count()
2
> db.students.insert({name:"Ou Yangfeng",Age:90,Course:"HaMogong"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.students.insert({name:"Yang Guo",Age:20,Course:"Meinv Quan"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.students.insert({name:"Guo Jing",Age:40,Course:"Xiangchong Shibazhang"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
#查询年龄大于30的记录
> db.students.find({Age:{$gt: 30}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#查询年龄在20到40之间的记录
> db.students.find({Age:{$in: [20,40]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#查看年龄不在20到40之间的记录
> db.students.find({Age:{$nin: [20,40]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
#查看Age或age值不在20到40之间的记录
> db.students.find({$or: [{Age: {$nin: [20,40]}}, {age:{$nin:[20,40]}}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#查看Age或age值在20到40之间的记录
> db.students.find({$or: [{Age: {$in: [20,40]}}, {age:{$in:[20,40]}}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#查看存在gender字段的记录
> db.students.find({gender: {$exists: true}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
#查看不存在gender字段的记录
> db.students.find({gender: {$exists: false}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#修改"tom"的age为21
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
> db.students.update({name:"tom"},{$set: {age: 21}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720a26110b5df571418846"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#删除age值为21的记录
> db.students.remove({age:21})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720933110b5df571418845"), "name" : "jerry", "age" : 40, "gender" : "M" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"), "name" : "Ou Yangfeng", "Age" : 90, "Course" : "HaMogong" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#统计Age值在20到40之间的记录数
> db.students.find({Age: {$in: [20,40]}}).count()
2
#显示Age值在20到40之间的记录，仅显示满足条件的第一条记录
> db.students.find({Age: {$in: [20,40]}}).limit(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720b71110b5df571418848"), "name" : "Yang Guo", "Age" : 20, "Course" : "Meinv Quan" }
#显示Age值在20到40之间的记录，第一条记录不显示
> db.students.find({Age: {$in: [20,40]}}).skip(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("58720ba8110b5df571418849"), "name" : "Guo Jing", "Age" : 40, "Course" : "Xiangchong Shibazhang" }
#显示Age值大于10的记录，仅显示一条满足条件的记录
> db.students.findOne({Age: {$gt: 10}})
{
"_id" : ObjectId("58720b48110b5df571418847"),
"name" : "Ou Yangfeng",
"Age" : 90,
"Course" : "HaMogong"
}
#删除students表
> db.students.drop()
true
> show collections;
system.indexes
> db.stats()
{
"db" : "test",
"collections" : 2,
"objects" : 1,
"avgObjSize" : 48,
"dataSize" : 48,
"storageSize" : 16384,
"numExtents" : 2,
"indexes" : 0,
"indexSize" : 0,
"fileSize" : 67108864,
"nsSizeMB" : 16,
"dataFileVersion" : {
"major" : 4,
"minor" : 5
},
"extentFreeList" : {
"num" : 2,
"totalSize" : 139264
},
"ok" : 1
}
#删除数据库
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "test", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078GB
testdb 0.078GB
03mongodb索引及复制集
[root@node1 ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4
connecting to: test
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> for (i=1;i<=10000;i++) db.students.insert({name:"student"+i, age:(i%120), address:"#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China"})
> db.students.find().count()
10000
> db.students.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5871e94113222f399a5240a3"), "name" : "tom", "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54561"), "name" : "student1", "age" : 1, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54562"), "name" : "student2", "age" : 2, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54563"), "name" : "student3", "age" : 3, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54564"), "name" : "student4", "age" : 4, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54565"), "name" : "student5", "age" : 5, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54566"), "name" : "student6", "age" : 6, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54567"), "name" : "student7", "age" : 7, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54568"), "name" : "student8", "age" : 8, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54569"), "name" : "student9", "age" : 9, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456a"), "name" : "student10", "age" : 10, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456b"), "name" : "student11", "age" : 11, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456c"), "name" : "student12", "age" : 12, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456d"), "name" : "student13", "age" : 13, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456e"), "name" : "student14", "age" : 14, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd5456f"), "name" : "student15", "age" : 15, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54570"), "name" : "student16", "age" : 16, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54571"), "name" : "student17", "age" : 17, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54572"), "name" : "student18", "age" : 18, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232dba7eb9c0c7bd54573"), "name" : "student19", "age" : 19, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
#在name字段上构建一个升序索引
> db.students.ensureIndex({name: 1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
#显示表中索引
> db.students.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "testdb.students"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"name" : "name_1",
"ns" : "testdb.students"
}
]
#删除索引
> db.students.dropIndex("name_1")
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
> db.students.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "testdb.students"
}
]
#创建唯一索引
> db.students.ensureIndex({name: 1},{unique: true})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}
> db.students.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "testdb.students"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"unique" : true,
"key" : {
"name" : 1
},
"name" : "name_1",
"ns" : "testdb.students"
}
]
#创建唯一索引后，新增相同字段值会提示错误
> db.students.insert({name: "student20", age: 20,})
WriteResult({
"nInserted" : 0,
"writeError" : {
"code" : 11000,
"errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 11000 E11000 duplicate key error index: testdb.students.$name_1 dup key: { : \"student20\" }"
}
})
> db.students.find({name: "student5000"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("587232e4a7eb9c0c7bd558e8"), "name" : "student5000", "age" : 80, "address" : "#85 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China" }
#显示查找语句执行过程
> db.students.find({name: "student5000"}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"n" : 1,
"nscannedObjects" : 1,
"nscanned" : 1,
"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 1,
"nscannedAllPlans" : 1,
"scanAndOrder" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"nYields" : 0,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"millis" : 0,
"indexBounds" : {
"name" : [
[
"student5000",
"student5000"
]
]
},
"server" : "node1:27017",
"filterSet" : false
}
> db.students.find({name: {$gt: "student5000"}}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor name_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"n" : 5552,
"nscannedObjects" : 5552,
"nscanned" : 5552,
"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 5552,
"nscannedAllPlans" : 5552,
"scanAndOrder" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"nYields" : 43,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"millis" : 13,
"indexBounds" : {
"name" : [
[
"student5000",
{
}
]
]
},
"server" : "node1:27017",
"filterSet" : false
}
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