以太坊DAO时间锁定Multisig怎么运用
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Decentralized Autonomous Organization,简称DAO,以太坊中重要的概念。一般翻译为去中心化的自治组织。
有时候,时间也可以用作一种很好的安全机制。以下代码基于DAO区块链大会,但有不同的变化。不是每个操作需要X个成员批准,而是任何交易都可以由单个成员发起,但它们在执行之前都需要最少的延迟,这取决于交易的支持。提案的批准越多,就越早执行。会员可以对交易进行投票,这意味着它将取消其他一个已批准的签名。
时间锁定Multisig
这意味着如果你没有紧急程度,则执行任何交易可能只需要一个或两个签名。但是,如果单个密钥被泄露,其他密钥可以将该交易延迟数月或数年,甚至可以阻止其执行。
这个怎么运作
所有密钥都已批准的交易可以在十分钟后执行(此金额是可配置的),并且每5%未投票的成员每次需要的时间加倍(如果他们主动投票,则为四倍)反对)。如果它是一个简单的ether交易,只要支持投票将其置于所需的时间内,就会执行交易,但更复杂的交易将要求使用正确的字节码手动执行交易。这些是默认值,但在创建合约时可以设置不同的值:
批准交易的成员数量:近似时间延迟
100%批准:10分钟(最低默认值)
90%批准:40分钟
80%:2小时40分钟
50%:大约一周
40%:1个月
30%:4个月
20%:超过一年
10%或更少:5年或从不 一旦最短的时间过去,任何人都可以执行交易(参见“国会”以获得更完整的步行)。这是故意的,因为它允许某人安排交易或雇用其他人来执行交易。
代码:
pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.6.0; contract owned { address public owner; constructor() public { owner = msg.sender; } modifier onlyOwner { require(msg.sender == owner); _; } function transferOwnership(address newOwner) onlyOwner public { owner = newOwner; } } contract tokenRecipient { event receivedEther(address sender, uint amount); event receivedTokens(address _from, uint256 _value, address _token, bytes _extraData); function receiveApproval(address _from, uint256 _value, address _token, bytes memory _extraData) public { Token t = Token(_token); require(t.transferFrom(_from, address(this), _value)); emit receivedTokens(_from, _value, _token, _extraData); } function () payable external { emit receivedEther(msg.sender, msg.value); } } interface Token { function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) external returns (bool success); } contract TimeLockMultisig is owned, tokenRecipient { Proposal[] public proposals; uint public numProposals; mapping (address => uint) public memberId; Member[] public members; uint minimumTime = 10; event ProposalAdded(uint proposalID, address recipient, uint amount, string description); event Voted(uint proposalID, bool position, address voter, string justification); event ProposalExecuted(uint proposalID, int result, uint deadline); event MembershipChanged(address member, bool isMember); struct Proposal { address recipient; uint amount; string description; bool executed; int currentResult; bytes32 proposalHash; uint creationDate; Vote[] votes; mapping (address => bool) voted; } struct Member { address member; string name; uint memberSince; } struct Vote { bool inSupport; address voter; string justification; } // Modifier that allows only shareholders to vote and create new proposals modifier onlyMembers { require(memberId[msg.sender] != 0); _; } /** * Constructor * * First time setup */ constructor( address founder, address[] memory initialMembers, uint minimumAmountOfMinutes ) payable public { if (founder != address(0)) owner = founder; if (minimumAmountOfMinutes !=0) minimumTime = minimumAmountOfMinutes; // It’s necessary to add an empty first member addMember(address(0), ''); // and let's add the founder, to save a step later addMember(owner, 'founder'); changeMembers(initialMembers, true); } /** * Add member * * @param targetMember address to add as a member * @param memberName label to give this member address */ function addMember(address targetMember, string memory memberName) onlyOwner public { uint id; if (memberId[targetMember] == 0) { memberId[targetMember] = members.length; id = members.length++; } else { id = memberId[targetMember]; } members[id] = Member({member: targetMember, memberSince: now, name: memberName}); emit MembershipChanged(targetMember, true); } /** * Remove member * * @param targetMember the member to remove */ function removeMember(address targetMember) onlyOwner public { require(memberId[targetMember] != 0); for (uint i = memberId[targetMember]; iproposalDeadline(proposalNumber) && p.currentResult > 0 && p.proposalHash == keccak256(abi.encodePacked(p.recipient, p.amount, '')) && supportsProposal) { executeProposal(proposalNumber, ''); } } function proposalDeadline(uint proposalNumber) public view returns(uint deadline) { Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalNumber]; uint factor = calculateFactor(uint(p.currentResult), (members.length - 1)); return p.creationDate + uint(factor * minimumTime * 1 minutes); } function calculateFactor(uint a, uint b) public pure returns (uint factor) { return 2**(20 - (20 * a)/b); } /** * Finish vote * * Count the votes proposal #`proposalNumber` and execute it if approved * * @param proposalNumber proposal number * @param transactionBytecode optional: if the transaction contained a bytecode, you need to send it */ function executeProposal(uint proposalNumber, bytes memory transactionBytecode) public { Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalNumber]; require(now >= proposalDeadline(proposalNumber) // If it is past the voting deadline && p.currentResult > 0 // and a minimum quorum has been reached && !p.executed // and it is not currently being executed && checkProposalCode(proposalNumber, p.recipient, p.amount, transactionBytecode)); // and the supplied code matches the proposal... p.executed = true; (bool success, ) = p.recipient.call.value(p.amount)(transactionBytecode); require(success); // Fire Events emit ProposalExecuted(proposalNumber, p.currentResult, proposalDeadline(proposalNumber)); } }
部署和使用
像以前一样在这些教程上部署该代码。在部署参数上,将最小时间留空将默认为30分钟,如果你想要更快的锁定时间,则放1分钟。上传后,执行“添加成员”功能以添加组的新成员,他们可以是你认识的其他人,也可以是不同计算机上的帐户或离线存储。
设置为所有者owner的帐户非常强大,因为它可以随意添加或删除成员。因此,在添加主成员后,我们建议你通过执行Transfer Membership
功能将owner
设置为另一个帐户。如果你希望对所有成员的添加或删除进行投票,则将其设置为multisig本身,就像任何其他交易一样。另一种方法是将其设置为另一个受信任的multisig
钱包,如果你希望永久修复成员数,则可以设置为0x000。请记住,此合约上的资金仅与“所有者”帐户一样安全。
与上述任何DAO一样,此合约可以持有以太币,任何基于以太坊的代币并执行任何合约。为此,请检查如何在国会DAO上执行复杂的提案。
警告和改进
为简单起见,对提案的投票仅仅算得少一点支持。如果你愿意,你可以玩弄负面投票更重要的想法,但这意味着少数成员可以对任何提议的交易拥有有效的否决权!
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