kubeadm部署高可用K8S集群（v1.14.0）

一、集群规划

主机名	IP	角色	主要插件
VIP	172.16.1.10	实现master高可用和负载均衡
k8s-master01	172.16.1.11	master	kube-apiserver、kube-controller、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-flannel、etcd
k8s-master02	172.16.1.12	master	kube-apiserver、kube-controller、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-flannel、etcd
k8s-master03	172.16.1.13	master	kube-apiserver、kube-controller、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-flannel、etcd
k8s-node01	172.16.1.21	node	kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-flannel
k8s-node02	172.16.1.22	node	kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-flannel

master节点通过keepalived和haproxy来实现的高可用和负载均衡，对于云主机可以直接使用相关云产品，例如阿里云的slb或者腾讯云的clb。

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二、准备工作

在所有节点上作如下准备

1. 硬件配置

建议至少2 CPU 、2G，非硬性要求，1CPU、1G也可以搭建起集群，但是在部署时会有WARNING提示：

#1个CPU的初始化master的时候会报
 [WARNING NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
#部署插件或者pod时可能会报
warning：FailedScheduling：Insufficient cpu, Insufficient memory

2. 修改内核参数

cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 10
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1
vm.swappiness = 0   #最大限度使用物理内存，然后才是 swap空间
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
EOF
sysctl --system

3. 关闭Swap

k8s1.8版本以后，要求关闭swap，否则默认配置下kubelet将无法启动。

#临时关闭
swapoff -a
#永久关闭
sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

4. 开启ipvs

modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
#查看是否加载
lsmod | grep ip_vs
#配置开机自加载
cat <> /etc/rc.local
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

5. 禁用selinux

#临时关闭
setenforce 0
#永久关闭
sed -ir 's/(SELINUX=)[a-z]*/\1diabled/' /etc/selinux/config

6. 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

7. 安装docker

#获取docker-ce的yum源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
#获取epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 
yum -y install epel-release
#安装docker
yum -y install docker-ce
docker version
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

#注意
这里安装没有指定docker-ce版本，默认安装最新版，如果需要安装指定版本，可以：

#列出docker-ce版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
#安装指定版本
yum -y install docker-ce-

8. 其他

ssh免密登录、hosts文件、ntp时间同步

三、安装配置keepalived、haproxy

master节点执行

1. 安装

yum install -y socat keepalived haproxy ipvsadm
systemctl enable haproxy
systemctl enable keepalived

2. 配置

haproxy配置文件：

#/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local3
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     32768
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon
    nbproc      1
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults
    mode                    tcp
    log                     global
    option                  tcplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout check           10s

listen stats
    mode   http
    bind :8888
    stats   enable
    stats   uri     /admin?stats
    stats   auth    admin:admin
    stats   admin   if TRUE

frontend  k8s_https *:8443
    mode      tcp
    maxconn      2000
    default_backend     https_sri

backend https_sri
    balance      roundrobin
    server master1-api 172.16.1.11:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    server master2-api 172.16.1.12:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    server master3-api 172.16.1.13:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1

keepalived配置文件：

#/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
   router_id master01
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script /etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh
    interval 3
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens192
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.1.10/24
    }
    track_script {   
        check_haproxy
    }
}

}

#/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash
NUM=`ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l`
if [ $NUM -eq 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

注意，三个节点keepalived配置文件存在区别：
router_id分别为master01、master02、master03
state分别为MASTER、BACKUP、BACKUP
priority分别为100、90、80

四、 K8S集群部署

1. 安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

所有节点都安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl，注意：node节点的kubectl不是必须的。

#配置yum源
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpghttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
#安装
yum -y install kubeadm-1.14.0 kubelet-1.14.0 kubectl-1.14.0
systemctl enable kubelet

2. 初始化master

通过kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf可以获得默认配置文件。

#查看需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list --config kubeadm.conf
#拉取需要的镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf
#初始化
kubeadm init –config kubeadm.conf

（1） master01节点

配置文件kubeadm_master01.conf

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 172.16.1.11
  bindPort: 6443
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.0
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.16.1.10:8443"
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - "k8s-master01"
  - "k8s-master02"
  - "k8s-master03"
  - 172.16.1.11
  - 172.16.1.12
  - 172.16.1.13
  - 172.16.1.10
networking:
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes

etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://172.16.1.11:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://172.16.1.11:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.11:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.11:2380"
      initial-cluster: "k8s-master01=https://172.16.1.11:2380"
      initial-cluster-state: new
    serverCertSANs:
      - k8s-master01
      - 172.16.1.11
    peerCertSANs:
      - k8s-master01
      - 172.16.1.11
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

#初始化master01
kubeadm init --config kubeadm_master01.conf
#配置kubectl管理集群
mkdir .kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf .kube/config

而后才可以执行kubectl相关命令，例如查看当前存在pod，可以发现唯独coreDNS的pod是出于Pending状态，原因是还未安装网络插件。

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-8686dcc4fd-96lr9               0/1     Pending   0          40m
coredns-8686dcc4fd-xk9st               0/1     Pending   0          40m
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   0          39m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          39m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   0          39m
kube-proxy-2cb7r                       1/1     Running   0          40m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          39m

#安装Flannel网络插件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

#绑定网卡
flannel 默认会使用主机的第一张网卡，如果你有多张网卡，需要指定时，可以修改 kube-flannel.yml 中的以下部分

      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        - --iface=ens192        #添加该行

#而后应用配置文件（注意只在master01执行）
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

#此时，我们再查看pod发现coredns已不是Pending状态

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-8686dcc4fd-96lr9               1/1     Running   0          54m
coredns-8686dcc4fd-xk9st               1/1     Running   0          54m
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   0          53m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          53m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   0          53m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-4vg2s            1/1     Running   0          50s
kube-proxy-2cb7r                       1/1     Running   0          54m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          53m

（2）分发证书

执行如下脚本

#!/bin/bash
for index in 12 13; do
  ip=172.16.1.${index}
  ssh $ip "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd; mkdir -p ~/.kube/"
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
  scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key $ip:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key
  scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $ip:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
  scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $ip:~/.kube/config
done

（3） master02节点

配置文件kubeadm_master02.conf

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 172.16.1.12
  bindPort: 6443
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.0
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.16.1.10:8443"
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - "k8s-master01"
  - "k8s-master02"
  - "k8s-master03"
  - 172.16.1.11
  - 172.16.1.12
  - 172.16.1.13
  - 172.16.1.10
networking:
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes

etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://172.16.1.12:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://172.16.1.12:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.12:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.12:2380"
      initial-cluster: "k8s-master01=https://172.16.1.11:2380,k8s-master02=https://172.16.1.12:2380"
      initial-cluster-state: existing
    serverCertSANs:
      - k8s-master02
      - 172.16.1.12
    peerCertSANs:
      - k8s-master02
      - 172.16.1.12
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

#配置证书
kubeadm init phase certs all --config kubeadm_master02.conf
#配置etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config kubeadm_master02.conf
#生成kubelet配置文件
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig kubelet --config kubeadm_master02.conf
#启动kubelet
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start --config kubeadm_master02.conf
#将master02的etcd加入集群
kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-k8s-master01 -- etcdctl --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --endpoints=https://172.16.1.11:2379 member add master2 https://172.16.1.12:2380
#启动 kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm_master02.conf
kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config kubeadm_master02.conf

#查看节点状态

[root@k8s-master02 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready    master   3h3m   v1.14.0
k8s-master02   Ready       14m    v1.14.0

#将节点标记为master
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config kubeadm_master02.conf

#再次查看

[root@k8s-master02 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready    master   3h4m   v1.14.0
k8s-master02   Ready    master   16m    v1.14.0

（4） master03节点

配置文件kubeadm_master03.conf

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 172.16.1.13
  bindPort: 6443
---
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.0
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.16.1.10:8443"
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - "k8s-master01"
  - "k8s-master02"
  - "k8s-master03"
  - 172.16.1.11
  - 172.16.1.12
  - 172.16.1.13
  - 172.16.1.10
networking:
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes

etcd:
  local:
    extraArgs:
      listen-client-urls: "https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://172.16.1.13:2379"
      advertise-client-urls: "https://172.16.1.13:2379"
      listen-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.13:2380"
      initial-advertise-peer-urls: "https://172.16.1.13:2380"
      initial-cluster: "k8s-master01=https://172.16.1.11:2380,k8s-master02=https://172.16.1.12:2380,k8s-master03=https://172.16.1.13:2380"
      initial-cluster-state: existing
    serverCertSANs:
      - k8s-master03
      - 172.16.1.13
    peerCertSANs:
      - k8s-master03
      - 172.16.1.13
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs

#配置证书
kubeadm init phase certs all --config kubeadm_master03.conf
#配置etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config kubeadm_master03.conf
#生成kubelet配置文件
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig kubelet --config kubeadm_master03.conf
#启动kubelet
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start --config kubeadm_master03.conf
#将master03的etcd加入集群
kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-k8s-master01 -- etcdctl --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --endpoints=https://172.16.1.11:2379 member add master3 https://172.16.1.13:2380
#启动 kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig all --config kubeadm_master03.conf
kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config kubeadm_master03.conf
#将节点标记为master
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config kubeadm_master03.conf

通过以上步骤，三台master已初始化完毕。

3．worker节点加入集群

#初始化master01时提示如下命令：
kubeadm join 172.16.1.10:8443 --token 8j5lga.y2cei06i6cfxbxmo \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9eff14803a65631b74e4db6dfa9e7362eb1dd62cd76d56e840d33b1f5a3aa93b

4. 状态检查

#查看node信息

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   Ready    master   3h29m   v1.14.0
k8s-master02   Ready    master   114m    v1.14.0
k8s-master03   Ready    master   95m     v1.14.0
k8s-node01     Ready       64m     v1.14.0
k8s-node02     Ready       50m     v1.14.0

#查看集群信息

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.16.1.10:8443
KubeDNS is running at https://172.16.1.10:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

#查看控制器状态

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

#查看etcd集群成员信息

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl exec -n kube-system etcd-k8s-master01 -- etcdctl --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt --key-file /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key --endpoints=https://172.16.1.11:2379 member list 
2cd4d60db6db4371: name=k8s-master01 peerURLs=https://172.16.1.11:2380 clientURLs=https://172.16.1.11:2379 isLeader=true
707da0ac9cb69832: name=k8s-master02 peerURLs=https://172.16.1.12:2380 clientURLs=https://172.16.1.12:2379 isLeader=false
c702920d32ced638: name=k8s-master03 peerURLs=https://172.16.1.13:2380 clientURLs=https://172.16.1.13:2379 isLeader=false

#检查ipvs是否启用
通过ipvsadm可以看到规则

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  10.96.0.1:443 rr
  -> 172.16.1.11:6443             Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.16.1.12:6443             Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 172.16.1.13:6443             Masq    1      1          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.3.2:53                Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.4.2:53                Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:9153 rr
  -> 10.244.3.2:9153              Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.4.2:9153              Masq    1      0          0         
UDP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.3.2:53                Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.4.2:53                Masq    1      0          0

通过kubectl log --tail=10 kube-proxy-tqxlq -n kube-system，查看pod日志，可以看到：Using ipvs Proxier.
如果ipvsadm检查不到规则，而且kube-proxy日志中发现：

can't determine whether to use ipvs proxy, error: IPVS proxier will not be used because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh]
Using iptables Proxier.

说明ipvs启用失败。

文章题目：kubeadm部署高可用K8S集群（v1.14.0）
文章位置：http://pwwzsj.com/article/gogcie.html

平武建站

kubeadm部署高可用K8S集群（v1.14.0）

一、集群规划

二、准备工作

1. 硬件配置

2. 修改内核参数

3. 关闭Swap

4. 开启ipvs

5. 禁用selinux

6. 关闭防火墙

7. 安装docker

8. 其他

三、安装配置keepalived、haproxy

1. 安装

2. 配置

四、 K8S集群部署

1. 安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

2. 初始化master

（1） master01节点

（2）分发证书

（3） master02节点

（4） master03节点

3．worker节点加入集群

4. 状态检查

其他资讯

kubeadm部署高可用K8S集群（v1.14.0）

一、 集群规划

二、 准备工作

1. 硬件配置

2. 修改内核参数

3. 关闭Swap

4. 开启ipvs

5. 禁用selinux

6. 关闭防火墙

7. 安装docker

8. 其他

三、 安装配置keepalived、haproxy

1. 安装

2. 配置

四、 K8S集群部署

1. 安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

2. 初始化master

（1） master01节点

（2） 分发证书

（3） master02节点

（4） master03节点

3．worker节点加入集群

4. 状态检查

其他资讯

一、集群规划

二、准备工作

三、安装配置keepalived、haproxy

（2）分发证书