iOS如何使用CAEmitterLayer实现粒子发射动画效果
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iOS实现粒子发射动画效果图
代码已上传 GitHub:https://github.com/Silence-GitHub/CoreAnimationDemo
动画效果用 CAEmitterLayer 实现。CAEmitterLayer 显示粒子发射动画,具体的粒子由 CAEmitterCell 封装。代码示例是展示 CAEmitterLayer 如何使用。为了方便,直接在控制器(UIViewController)中设置 CAEmitterLayer。如果在项目中使用,有时在自定义视图(UIView)中加入 CAEmitterLayer 比较合理,例如自定义点赞按钮,可以精简控制器的代码。
下雨动画效果
这里的雨匀速下落,雨的密度逐渐变化。
给控制器添加类型为 CAEmitterLayer 的属性 rainLayer,在 viewDidLoad 方法中对此属性进行初始化
private var rainLayer: CAEmitterLayer! private func setupRainLayer() { // 粒子发射图层 rainLayer = CAEmitterLayer() // 发射器形状为线形,默认发射方向向上 rainLayer.emitterShape = kCAEmitterLayerLine // 从发射器的轮廓发射粒子 rainLayer.emitterMode = kCAEmitterLayerOutline // 优先渲染旧的粒子 rainLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerOldestFirst // 发射位置 // 对于线形发射器,线的两端点分别为 // (emitterPosition.x - emitterSize.width/2, emitterPosition.y, emitterZPosition)和 // (emitterPosition.x + emitterSize.width/2, emitterPosition.y, emitterZPosition) rainLayer.emitterPosition = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX, y: 0) // 发射器大小 rainLayer.emitterSize = CGSize(width: view.bounds.width, height: 0) // 粒子生成速率的倍数,一开始不发射,设置为零 rainLayer.birthRate = 0 // 发射的粒子 let cell = CAEmitterCell() // 粒子显示的内容,设置CGImage,显示图片 cell.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_red").cgImage // 粒子缩放倍数 cell.scale = 0.1 // 粒子寿命,单位是秒 cell.lifetime = 5 // 粒子生成速率,单位是个/秒,实际显示效果要乘以CAEmitterLayer的birthRate cell.birthRate = 1000 // 粒子速度 cell.velocity = 500 // 粒子发射角度,正值表示顺时针方向 cell.emissionLongitude = CGFloat.pi // 图层要发射1种粒子 rainLayer.emitterCells = [cell] // 添加粒子发射图层 view.layer.addSublayer(rainLayer) }
点击按钮开始或停止动画。用 CABasicAnimation 使粒子生成速率的倍数渐变,达到雨逐渐变大或变小的效果
@IBAction func rainButtonClicked(_ sender: UIButton) { // 连续调用此方法会影响雨变大或变小的连贯性,所以禁止连续点击按钮 sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = false // 粒子生成速率渐变动画 let birthRateAnimation = CABasicAnimation(keyPath: "birthRate") birthRateAnimation.duration = 3 if rainLayer.birthRate == 0 { // 雨变大 birthRateAnimation.fromValue = 0 birthRateAnimation.toValue = 1 rainLayer.birthRate = 1 } else { // 雨变小 birthRateAnimation.fromValue = 1 birthRateAnimation.toValue = 0 rainLayer.birthRate = 0 } // 加入动画 rainLayer.add(birthRateAnimation, forKey: "birthRate") // 动画时长过后恢复按钮可点击状态 DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + birthRateAnimation.duration) { [weak self] in guard self != nil else { return } sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = true } }
发射一圈粒子动画效果
给控制器添加类型为 CAEmitterLayer 的属性 centerHeartLayer,在 viewDidLoad 方法中对此属性进行初始化
private var centerHeartLayer: CAEmitterLayer! private func setupCenterHeartLayer() { centerHeartLayer = CAEmitterLayer() // 发射器形状为圆形,默认向四周发射粒子 centerHeartLayer.emitterShape = kCAEmitterLayerCircle centerHeartLayer.emitterMode = kCAEmitterLayerOutline centerHeartLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerOldestFirst // 发射器位置 // 对于圆形发射器 // 圆心位于(emitterPosition.x, emitterPosition.y, emitterZPosition) // 半径为emitterSize.width centerHeartLayer.emitterPosition = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX, y: view.bounds.midY) centerHeartLayer.emitterSize = centerHeartButton.frame.size centerHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 let cell = CAEmitterCell() cell.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_red").cgImage cell.lifetime = 1 cell.birthRate = 2000 cell.scale = 0.05 // 粒子缩放倍数每秒减小0.02,粒子逐渐缩小 cell.scaleSpeed = -0.02 // 粒子透明度每秒减小1,粒子逐渐变透明 cell.alphaSpeed = -1 cell.velocity = 30 centerHeartLayer.emitterCells = [cell] view.layer.addSublayer(centerHeartLayer) }
点击按钮开始动画
@IBAction func centerHeartButtonClicked(_ sender: UIButton) { sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = false // 设置动画开始时间,否则会有太多粒子 centerHeartLayer.beginTime = CACurrentMediaTime() // 开始生成粒子 centerHeartLayer.birthRate = 1 // 一段时间后停止生成粒子 DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.1) { [weak self] in guard let strongSelf = self else { return } strongSelf.centerHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 } DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) { [weak self] in guard self != nil else { return } sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = true } }
向上发射一个粒子动画效果
给控制器添加类型为 CAEmitterLayer 的属性 leftHeartLayer,在 viewDidLoad 方法中对此属性进行初始化
private var leftHeartLayer: CAEmitterLayer! private func setupLeftHeartLayer() { leftHeartLayer = CAEmitterLayer() // 点状发射器,默认发射方向向右 // 这句可以省略,点状是默认值 leftHeartLayer.emitterShape = kCAEmitterLayerPoint // 从发射器中的一点发射粒子 // 这句可以省略,是默认值 leftHeartLayer.emitterMode = kCAEmitterLayerVolume leftHeartLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerOldestFirst // 发射器位置 // 对于点状发射器,发射点在(emitterPosition.x, emitterPosition.y, emitterZPosition) leftHeartLayer.emitterPosition = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX * 0.5, y: view.bounds.midY) leftHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 let cell = CAEmitterCell() cell.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_red").cgImage cell.scale = 0.5 cell.lifetime = 1 // 1秒发射1个粒子 cell.birthRate = 1 cell.alphaSpeed = -1 cell.velocity = 50 cell.emissionLongitude = -CGFloat.pi / 2 leftHeartLayer.emitterCells = [cell] view.layer.addSublayer(leftHeartLayer) }
点击按钮开始动画
@IBAction func leftHeartButtonClicked(_ sender: UIButton) { sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = false // 从上1秒开始动画,使按钮点击后立即发射粒子 leftHeartLayer.beginTime = CACurrentMediaTime() - 1 leftHeartLayer.birthRate = 1 DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.1) { [weak self] in guard let strongSelf = self else { return } strongSelf.leftHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 } DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) { [weak self] in guard self != nil else { return } sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = true } }
向上发射几个粒子动画效果
给控制器添加类型为 CAEmitterLayer 的属性 rightHeartLayer,在 viewDidLoad 方法中对此属性进行初始化
private var rightHeartLayer: CAEmitterLayer! private func setupRightHeartLayer() { rightHeartLayer = CAEmitterLayer() rightHeartLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerOldestFirst rightHeartLayer.emitterPosition = CGPoint(x: view.bounds.midX * 1.5, y: view.bounds.midY) rightHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 let cell = CAEmitterCell() cell.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_red").cgImage cell.scale = 0.5 cell.lifetime = 1 cell.birthRate = 5 cell.alphaSpeed = -1 cell.velocity = 50 cell.emissionLongitude = -CGFloat.pi / 2 // 粒子发射角度的变化范围 cell.emissionRange = CGFloat.pi / 4 rightHeartLayer.emitterCells = [cell] view.layer.addSublayer(rightHeartLayer) }
点击按钮开始动画
@IBAction func rightHeartButtonClicked(_ sender: UIButton) { sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = false // 1秒发射5个粒子,0.2秒发射1个粒子,从上0.2秒开始动画,使按钮点击后立即发射粒子 rightHeartLayer.beginTime = CACurrentMediaTime() - 0.2 rightHeartLayer.birthRate = 1 DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.8) { [weak self] in guard let strongSelf = self else { return } strongSelf.rightHeartLayer.birthRate = 0 } DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1.6) { [weak self] in guard self != nil else { return } sender.isUserInteractionEnabled = true } }
抛物线粒子动画效果
实现抛物线动画需要给粒子加上重力加速度。此外,这里还加入粒子旋转效果,同时发射两种粒子。
给控制器添加类型为 CAEmitterLayer 的属性 gravityLayer,在 viewDidLoad 方法中对此属性进行初始化
private var gravityLayer: CAEmitterLayer! private func setupGravityLayer() { gravityLayer = CAEmitterLayer() gravityLayer.renderMode = kCAEmitterLayerOldestFirst gravityLayer.emitterPosition = CGPoint(x: 0, y: view.bounds.maxY) gravityLayer.birthRate = 0 let cell = CAEmitterCell() cell.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_red").cgImage cell.scale = 0.5 cell.lifetime = 10 cell.alphaSpeed = -0.1 cell.birthRate = 10 cell.velocity = 100 // y轴方法的加速度,模拟重力加速度 cell.yAcceleration = 20 cell.emissionLongitude = -CGFloat.pi / 4 cell.emissionRange = CGFloat.pi / 4 // 粒子旋转角速度,单位是弧度/秒,正值表示顺时针旋转 // 这句可以省略,默认值是零 cell.spin = 0 // 粒子旋转角速度变化范围 cell.spinRange = CGFloat.pi * 2 let cell2 = CAEmitterCell() cell2.contents = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "Heart_blue").cgImage cell2.scale = 0.3 cell2.lifetime = 20 cell2.alphaSpeed = -0.05 cell2.birthRate = 5 cell2.velocity = 135 cell2.yAcceleration = 20 cell2.emissionLongitude = -CGFloat.pi / 4 cell2.emissionRange = CGFloat.pi / 4 cell2.spin = 0 cell2.spinRange = CGFloat.pi * 2 // 图层要发射2种粒子 gravityLayer.emitterCells = [cell, cell2] view.layer.addSublayer(gravityLayer) }
点击开始或停止动画
@IBAction func gravityButtonClicked(_ sender: UIButton) { if gravityLayer.birthRate == 0 { gravityLayer.beginTime = CACurrentMediaTime() gravityLayer.birthRate = 1 } else { gravityLayer.birthRate = 0 } }
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