迷宫问题的求解方式:应用深度优先和广度优先的搜索
用堆栈实现迷宫问题,二维数组表示迷宫:1表示墙壁,0表示可以走的路,只能横着走或竖着走
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不能斜着走,要求编程实现找到从左上角到右下角的路线
//深度优先:有解就退出搜索(不一定是最优解) #include#include using namespace std; #define ROW 5 #define COL 5 typedef struct point { int _row; int _col; }Point; Point stack[512]; int top= 0; void Push(Point& p) { stack[top++] = p; } const Point& Pop() { return stack[--top]; } int IsEmpty() { return top==0; } int maze[ROW][COL] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, }; void PrintMaze() { for (int i = 0; i < ROW; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < COL; ++j) { cout << maze[i][j] << " "; } cout << endl; } cout << endl; } Point Prev[ROW][COL] = { { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } }, { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } }, { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } }, { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } }, { { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 } }, }; void Visit(int row, int col,Point& p) { Point tmp = { row, col}; maze[row][col] = 2; Prev[row][col] = p; Push(tmp); } void Test1() { Point p = { 0, 0}; maze[p._row][p._col] = 2; Push(p); while (!IsEmpty()) { p = Pop(); if (p._row == ROW - 1 && p._col == COL - 1) break; //up if (p._row - 1 >= 0 && maze[p._row - 1][p._col] == 0) Visit(p._row - 1, p._col,p); //down if (p._row + 1 < ROW&&maze[p._row + 1][p._col] == 0) Visit(p._row + 1, p._col,p); //left if (p._col - 1 >= 0 && maze[p._row][p._col - 1] == 0) Visit(p._row, p._col - 1,p); //right if (p._col + 1 < COL&&maze[p._row][p._col + 1] == 0) Visit(p._row, p._col + 1,p); } if (p._row == ROW - 1 && p._col == COL - 1) { printf("(%d,%d)\n", p._row, p._col); while ((Prev[p._row][p._col])._row != -1) { p = Prev[p._row][p._col]; printf("(%d,%d)\n", p._row, p._col); } } else cout << "no path!\n"; }
//广度求得最优路径,找到后停止搜索 #includeusing namespace std; #define ROW 5 #define COL 5 typedef struct point { int _row; int _col; int _prev; }Point; Point queue[512]; int head = 0; int tail = 0; void Enqueue(Point& p) { queue[tail++] = p; } const Point& Dequeue() { return queue[head++]; } int IsEmpty() { return head == tail; } int maze[ROW][COL] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }, }; void PrintMaze() { for (int i = 0; i < ROW; ++i) { for (int j = 0; j < COL; ++j) { cout << maze[i][j] << " "; } cout << endl; } cout << endl; } void Visit(int row, int col) { Point tmp = { row, col, head - 1 }; maze[row][col] = 2; Enqueue(tmp); } void Test1() { Point p = { 0, 0, -1 }; maze[p._row][p._col] = 2; Enqueue(p); while (!IsEmpty()) { p = Dequeue(); if (p._row == ROW - 1 && p._col == COL - 1) break; //up if (p._row - 1 >= 0 && maze[p._row - 1][p._col] == 0) Visit(p._row - 1, p._col); //down if (p._row + 1 < ROW&&maze[p._row + 1][p._col] == 0) Visit(p._row + 1, p._col); //left if (p._col - 1 >= 0 && maze[p._row][p._col - 1] == 0) Visit(p._row, p._col - 1); //right if (p._col + 1 < COL&&maze[p._row][p._col + 1] == 0) Visit(p._row, p._col + 1); } if (p._row == ROW - 1 && p._col == COL - 1) { printf("(%d,%d)\n", p._row, p._col); while (p._prev != -1) { p = queue[p._prev]; printf("(%d,%d)\n", p._row, p._col); } } else cout << "no path!\n"; }
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