dgbroker搭建的完整过程

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一个表或索引或其它对象使用BUFFER CACHE，最终使用哪个CBC LATCH,由其文件号以及数据块号，进行HASH后使用指定的CBC LATCH

使用Shell脚本实现自动化静默安装Oracle软件

下载oracle 11g
下载地址：wget http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
下载地址：wget http://v.yingsun.net/cobra/download/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

一安装java
查看CentOS自带JDK是否已安装。yum list installed |grep java

查看yum库中的Java安装包命令：yum -y list java 看看可安装的软件包有没有java-1.8.0-openjdk

二检查和安装需要的rpm
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip
unixODBC-devel
还有必须下载的包
wget ftp://ftp.pbone.net/mirror/www.whiteboxlinux.org/whitebox/4/en/updates/i686/glibc-2.3.4-2.43.i686.rpm

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
安装依赖包

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
检查有没有31个

还能用如下方式检查，包括centos6，centos7的包
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libXi \
libXtst \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

各个版本的检查包和版本课看官方文档
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24326/toc.htm#BHCFACHG

三创建用户组和用户
userdel -r oracle
groupadd -g 700 oinstall
groupadd -g 701 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -u 700 oracle
passwd oracle

id oracle

四设置ORACLE环境变量
su - oracle
vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export NLS_LANG="american_america.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:Mi:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

//脚本方式
new_export = "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle"
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> ~/.bash_profile

bash shell:脚本中修改profile文件更新LD_LIBRARY_PATH的示例 http://blog.csdn.net/10km/article/details/51953721

source ~/.bash_profile

查看环境变量是否完成
env | grep ORA

五创建安装目录
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oracle
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc==/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

source /etc/oraInst.loc

chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

五解压
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip; unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

六复制响应文件模板
用oracle用户复制
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/etc
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory
cp /u02/oracle/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
七设置响应文件
su - root
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）
八静默安装Oracle软件
su - oracle
修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

#删除应答文件中的注释行(以#开头)
$ sed -i 's/^#.*$//g' *.rsp
刪除沒有內容的空行(^$)
$ sed -i '/^$/d' *.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY // 29 安装类型

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle // 37 主机名称（hostname查询）

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall // 42 安装组

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory //47 INVENTORY目录（不填就是默认值）注意：这里inventory目录最好不要填写与oracle安装路径一致的目录，会报错

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 78 选择语言

ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 // 83 oracle_home

ORACLE_BASE=/u02/oracle // 88 oracle_base

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE // 99 oracle版本

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false //自定义安装，否，使用默认组件

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba // 143 dba用户组

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // 147 oper用户组

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE // 160 数据库类型

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl // 165 globalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl // 170 SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 // 200 自动管理内存的内存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle // 233 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false // 376（手动写了false）

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true // 385 设置安全更新（貌似是有bug，这个一定要选true，否则会无限提醒邮件地址有问题，终止安装。PS：不管地址对不对）

执行命令开始默认安装
cd /u02/oracle/database

./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -showProgress -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
这时可以看安装日志
INFO: Number of threads for fast copy :1

这里在centos7上安装oracle11g时，不论11.1.0.1还是 11.2.0.4 都会报错
String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'.
这个错误相当于图形界面安装时遇到的错误，但图形界面安装遇到错误，会停止，且提供重试的按钮，静默安装就不成，具体解决方法可以参考
http://www.jb51.net/article/129719.htm

安向导执行俩文件
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

九静默配置网络
编辑netca.rsp文件

$ more /u02/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

在oracle用户下
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

十静默安装数据库
在oracle 用户安装。需要配置静默安装数据库响应的模板文件，也是在安装软件包中解压在database下的response 目录下的 dbca_rsp 文件，具体配置如下
vim dbca.rsp

//$ more /u02/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp

cp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp.bak

vi /u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "lanmao" #全局数据库的名字 DB_NAME_DB_DOMAIN

SID = "orcl" # 数据库实例，根据上面的你写的SID 一样的，随便写。

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" # 这个可以是默认的模板，不会写默认的，最好是默认，

这里是我们dba 写的，所以就用上了。

SYSPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "2011@oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "2011@oracle" # 前面这四个都可以不管，默认就行

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" #编码

NATIONALCHARACTERSET=“UTF8” #编码

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /db/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
/u02/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

十一删除方法
数据库安装成功后，要删除执行的命令
先听数据库
/home/oracle/database/dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl11g -sid orcl11g -sysDBAUserName system -sysDBAPassword oracle

没安装成功时删除数据库和软件方法
删除/u02/oracle/oradata目录下对应数据库文件夹
删除/u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area 目录下对应数据库文件夹
最重要/etc/oratab 删除里面最后的对应数据库的记录
--删除 vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

root用户
swapoff -a && swapon -a
rm -fr /u02/oracle/oradata
rm -fr /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
rm -fr /home/oracle/oraInventory
rm -fr /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

vi /etc/oratab
--vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml
--sed -i '/^

mkdir -p /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle

mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /u02/oracle/flash_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/oracle/oradata
chmod -R 775 /u02/oracle/oradata
su - oracle
mkdir /home/oracle/oraInventory

/u02/oracle/oradiag_oracle/diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2133379358_76/alert

跟踪错误sqlplus 方法
strace sqlplus / as sysdba
strace -f -o /tmp/sqlplus.log sqlplus / as sysdba
查看为什么出现 ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

select open_mode from v$database;

遇到的问题
问题1
在静默安装oracle的时候，在安装软件以后，进入sqlplus后，总是报TNS connect lost，这时就在网上查看了这个错误对应问题，其中说是
bin目录里oracle执行文件大小为0，后来就反复装，发现装的时候果然系统装到link oracle的时候就不动了，最后看日志的时候看这里最终
报错。然后就在日志里查看了对应的错误。和日志里遇到的第一个错误。
其实判断这个题很容易，重要的是看日志
日志在安装时，已经输出了具体位置和文件名，打开后就能看到。里面发现的第一个报错信息
INFO: collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/emdctl] Error 1
make: *** [emdctl] Error 2

INFO: End output from spawned process.
INFO: ----------------------------------
INFO: Exception thrown from action: make
Exception Name: MakefileException
Exception String: Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile '/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk'. See '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-12-12_04-48-00PM.log' for details.
Exception Severity: 1
然后根据网上的提示就是在ins_emagent里加 -lnnet11
然后为让这些字节是0的文件生效，就执行了bin目录里的relink all
最后oracle文件就生成了，且在进入sqlplus就不报tns的错误了，最后说的是连接一个正常实例的问题。

打印日志的时候，在这个位置会等很长时间
INFO: - Linking Oracle
rm -f /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle

INFO: gcc -o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -m64 -z noexecstack -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/stubs/ -Wl,-E /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv11 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/nautab.o /u02/oracl
INFO: e/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naeet.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naect.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naedhs.o /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/config.o -lserver11 -lodm11 -lcell11 -lnnet11 -lskgxp11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lxml11 -lcore11 -lunls11 -lsnls11 -lnls11 -lcore11 -lnls11 -lclient11 -lvsn11 -lcommon11 -lgeneric11 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap

......
`cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/db
INFO: home_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib -lm `cat /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib

orapwd FILE=orapwdORCL11g.pwd PASSWORD=welcome1 ENTRIES=30

问题2 创建数据库时报错
排错方法看建立数据库时alert方法
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 64209 Dec 14 14:45 alert_orcl11g.log
[oracle@iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ trace]$ ls -alcr | grep alert
在其中找到了pfile文件
/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora
startup nomount pfile=/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora;

/u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl11g/orcl11g/trace/orcl11g_ora_16270.trc
要根据pfile生成spfile，数据库就能启动到open了
create spfile from pfile='/u02/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl11g/initorcl11gTemp.ora'
create spfile from pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl11g.ora'

问题3 手工建库时的问题
根据文档手工创建数据库，但输入创建语句后，系统提示如下错误
ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed

ORA-01519: error while processing file '?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq' near line 5

ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1

ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' does not exist or of wrong type

这个提示实际很明显，但特别注意的是要保证参数文件里的回退表空间名字和create database语句
里的表空间名字要一样，而不是和create database里的回退数据文件名一样，这很重要，这可以保证
后面的执行脚本时没有莫名其妙的错误。

手工建库的过程如下
1 删除已有数据库
rm -fr oradata/orcl11g/*.*
rm -fr fast_recovery_area/orcl11g/control02.ctl

2
orapwd FILE=orapwdSORCL.pwd PASSWORD=oracle ENTRIES=30
CREATE SPFILE='spfile.ora' FROM
PFILE='init.ora';

CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs --undotbs 必须和参数文件中指定名字一样
        DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf' --UNDOTBS_01没事随便取名
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

rm -fr /tmp/logsql.txt
spool /tmp/logsql.txt --这样可以执行sql脚本后的日志
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
spool off

克隆安装数据库软件
在一台机器上克隆安装第二个oracle 软件
1增加swap分区
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap1 bs=612 count=612000
mkswap /home/swap1
swapon /home/swap1

2复制dbhome_1到新位置 cp -r /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
3chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03_clone/oracle
su - oracle
4 登记复制后的信息命令
cd /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/clone/bin
perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE=/u03_clone/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_HOME_NAME=OraDb11g_home_clone
5 验证是否加入产品列表目录，软件是否安装成功
vi /home/oracle/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml

dgbroker
1：主库配置listener.ora文件和tnsnames.ora文件，添加GLOBAL_DBNAME参数，重启监听器，所有的节点都需要配置
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)
    )
(SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PRIMARY_DGMGRL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = orcl11g)
    )
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle

cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain)
    )
)

PHYSICAL =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain)
    )
)

复制主库listener和tnsname到备库
cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
cp listener.ora tnsnames.ora /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

备库上的listener和tnsname
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)
    )
(SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PHYSICAL_DGMGRL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
   (SID_NAME = sorcl11g)
    )
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u02/oracle

备库的tnsname

PHYSICAL =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain)
    )
)

PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = iZ2zehy7gff0kpg1swp1czZ)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl11g.localdomain)
    )
)
注意这里端口号和主库的端口不应一致，因为此时环境是一个节点上有两个ORACLE产品两个ORACLE数据库

2：设置DG_BROKER_START参数，所有的节点都需要配置
2.1基本配置
alter system set db_unique_name='PRIMARY' scope=spfile;

alter system set standby_file_management ='AUTO';

alter database add standby logfile group 11 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby11.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 12 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby12.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 13 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby13.log' size 50m;
alter database add standby logfile group 14 '/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/standbylog/standby14.log' size 50m;

2.2主库归档
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog';
alter database archivelog;

主库启动broker
show parameter dg_broker_start;
!ps -ef |grep dmon
alter system set dg_broker_start=TRUE;
!ps -ef |grep dmon

alter database open;
在主库重新生成pfile create pfile from spfile;

2.3 备份主库：

a.rman target /

b.backup database;

2.4 在备库上克隆主库：

a.cd /u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
      cp initorcl11g.ora orapworcl11g /u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

      修改备库pfile上的db_unique_name=PHYSICAL
   因为在同一台机器的不同位置安装了另一个oracle软件，所以还要设置数据存放位置的参数
   su - oracle
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/archivelog
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/flash_recovery_area
   mkdir -p /u03_clone/oracle/admin/orcl11g/adump

      要在同一台机器上启动另一产品的数据库，必须先启动不同的listener，然后启动俩数据库
      同一机器上启动不同产品的listener 必须要有TNS_ADMIN
      打开窗口1 export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin        主库listener
      打开窗口2 export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin   备库listener

b.启动数据库到nomount：
      在窗口1
      export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
   在窗口2
   export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
   echo $ORACLE_SID
      sqlplus / as sysdba
   startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

   在备库还得再创建一个空的新的数据库
   CREATE DATABASE orcl11g
     USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 2 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
             GROUP 3 ('/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
     MAXLOGFILES 5
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
    NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
    EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
    DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/users01.dbf'
        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
    DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
        TEMPFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/temp01.dbf'
        SIZE 20M REUSE
    UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
        DATAFILE '/u03_clone/oracle/oradata/orcl11g/UNDOTBS_01.dbf'
        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

c.登陆rman：

rman target sys/oracle@PRIMARY auxiliary system/oracle@PHYSICAL
rman target system/oracle@PHYSICAL auxiliary system/oracle@PRIMARY
d.开始克隆：

duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

查看日志
vi /u03_clone/oracle/diag/rdbms/physical/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log
vi /u02/oracle/diag/rdbms/primary/orcl11g/trace/alert_orcl11g.log

startup nomount pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup upgrade pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

@/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora

测试远程连接备库
export ORACLE_SID=sorcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u03_clone/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/welcome1@PHYSICAL
rman target /

测试远程连接主库
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
export ORACLE_HOME=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/

cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./sqlplus / as sysdba
./lsnrctl status
startup open pfile=/u02/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl11g.ora
./sqlplus system/oracle@PRIMARY

2.5:创建并启用配置文件
dgmgrl sys/oracle@PRIMARY
create configuration dgc as primary database is PRIMARY connect identifier is PRIMARY;
add database PHYSICAL as connect identifier is PHYSICAL maintained as physical;
enable configuration
show configuration [verbose];

这次遇到的问题是在安装了oracle软件后，再创建数据库时，特别最后执行catproc.sql时怎么都执行不完，还老报错
关闭数据库重启open后，还说要按upgrade方式打开数据库，显然catproc.sql未完全执行完，最后发现原因实际是数据库内存不足
在运行脚本时，速度很慢，而且free -mh查看内存只有几十M可用，于是，关闭占用内存的应用，重新执行脚本很快就执行好了，而且
可以顺利启动到open状态
http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/686900

在备库上克隆主库

https://www.cnblogs.com/vijayfly/archive/2015/12/16/5051614.html oracle11G使用DGbroker创建dg

解决问题
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
这个错误最大的问题是一个节点上安了两个oracle软件，在启动第二个oracle软件时，环境变量ORACLE_HOME还是第一个oracle软件的
，所以启动数据库时，是在环境变量1的基础上启动的数据库，造成启动时数据库会用到错误的环境变量ORACLE_HOME，最终启动虽然
正常，但远程连接时就报上面的错误。sqlplus system/oracle@PHYSICAL
另外出现 shared memory realm does not exist的原因还有可能是虚拟机物理内存不足造成

Service "PHYSICAL.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PRIMARY_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11g.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11gXDB.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "sorcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "PHYSICAL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PHYSICAL_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl11g.localdomain" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "sorcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

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