Docker基础
Docker基础一(基本配置)
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1、配置docker0 ip地址；
root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"bip": "172.16.10.1/24"
}
root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service
root@Userver01:~# ip add l
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32:
link/ether 00:0c:29:cd:a0:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.251.131/24 brd 172.16.251.255 scope global ens32
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fecd:a083/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0:
link/ether 02:42:80:e8:b3:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.10.1/24 brd 172.16.10.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2、配置docker加速器；
root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",
"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"]
}
root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service
root@Userver01:~# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.0
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: c4446665cb9c30056f4998ed953e6d4ff22c7c39
runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.4.0-131-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 8
Total Memory: 15.65GiB
Name: Userver01
ID: NB22:HKEI:YEOY:A2F4:TXZP:GEQO:OUME:CT4M:ENYA:VWIM:XXHG:KVK5
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
WARNING: No swap limit support
3、配置docker服务日志格式；
root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",
"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"],
"log-driver": "journald"
}
root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service
root@Userver01:~# journalctl -xe _SYSTEMD_UNIT=docker.service
Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.462003344+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.630612895+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.678251298+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=4d60db4 graphdriver(s)=o
Nov 26 16:40:20 Userver01 dockerd[1979]: time="2018-11-26T16:40:20.678752739+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
4、配置docker DNS；
root@Userver01:~# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"bip": "172.16.10.1/24",
"registry-mirrors": ["http://5dd4061a.m.daocloud.io"],
"log-driver": "journald",
"dns": ["223.5.5.5","223.6.6.6"]
}
root@Userver01:~# systemctl restart docker.service
5、运行容器；
root@Userver01:~# docker run -d nginx:1.15
Unable to find image 'nginx:1.15' locally
1.15: Pulling from library/nginx
a5a6f2f73cd8: Pull complete
67da5fbcb7a0: Pull complete
e82455fa5628: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:372965e4f3a1d60ec5be171f839dfe9f8ea076700144f042bae87700a20c9ded
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.15
246b049b64e32ef924e30a0d614537061cf12a8d1a0408f469dbcf1030c0d554
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
246b049b64e3 nginx:1.15 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 22 seconds ago Up 21 seconds 80/tcp xenodochial_swirles
6、登录容器系统；
root@Userver01:~# docker exec -it 246 /bin/bash
root@246b049b64e3:/# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 223.5.5.5
nameserver 223.6.6.6
Docker基础二（容器管理）
1、运行容器
#启动一个httpd容器，使其在后台运行并将其80端口映射到宿主机80端口
root@Userver01:~# docker run -d -p 80:80 httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a5a6f2f73cd8: Already exists
ac13924397e3: Pull complete
91b81769f14a: Pull complete
fec7170426de: Pull complete
992c7790d5f3: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:63dba1dad8fe8a920226a631f8189d736b4a5129c2d2edc046a46f36ffc0091c
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
b911f2812e516b140f69f412923264670074ec83e4b7aef186041f0e40d57cd4
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 42 seconds ago Up 41 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan
#启动一个ubuntu 16.04的容器，打印完"hello world"即退出
root@Userver01:~# docker run ubuntu:16.04 /bin/echo "hello world."
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:16.04' locally
16.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7b8b6451c85f: Pull complete
ab4d1096d9ba: Pull complete
e6797d1788ac: Pull complete
e25c5c290bde: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:16.04
hello world.
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4683e7b221b7 ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 28 seconds ago Exited (0) 27 seconds ago pedantic_swirles
b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan
2、容器的启动过程说明：
•检查本地是否存在指定的镜像，如果没有就从指定的仓库下载
•利用镜像启动一个容器
•分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层外面挂载一层可读写层
•从宿主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中去
•从地址池配置一个IP给容器
•执行用户指定的程序
•执行完毕后停止容器
3、docker run常用选项说明
-t：配置一个伪终端并绑定到容器的标准输入上
-i：让容器的标准输入保持打开
-d：将容器放入后台运行
-c：指定分配该容器的cpu分片
-m：指定分配给该容器的内存大小，单位为B,K,M,G
4、查看当前节点上的容器状态
docker ps #查看当前正在运行的容器
选项：
-a：查看所有容器，包括停止的
-q：只显示容器ID
-l：显示最后一次创建的容器
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a5a204b817cc ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago gifted_tereshkova
4683e7b221b7 ubuntu:16.04 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago pedantic_swirles
b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -q
b911f2812e51
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -qa
a5a204b817cc
4683e7b221b7
b911f2812e51
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -ql
a5a204b817cc
5、进入容器
docker exec-it <容器id/容器name> /bin/bash
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -qa
a5a204b817cc
4683e7b221b7
b911f2812e51
root@Userver01:~# docker exec -it b9 /bin/bash
root@b911f2812e51:/usr/local/apache2#
6、容器按用途大致可分为两类：
•服务类容器，如webserver、database等
•工具类容器，如curl容器、redis-cli容器等
7、容器的启停操作
#容器的创建：
docker create
#容器的启动：
docker start <容器id>
#容器的停止：
docker stop <容器id>
docker kill <容器id>
#容器的重启：
docker restart <容器id>
#容器的删除：
docker rm <容器id>
选项：
-f：强行终止并删除一个运行中的容器
-v：删除容器挂载的数据卷
#暂停容器：
docker pause <容器id>
#从暂停中恢复：
docker unpause <容器id>
8、容器生命周期管理
9、容器资源限制
内存限制
-m：允许分配的内存大小
--memory-swap：允许分配的内存和swap的总大小
--memory-swapiness：控制内存与swap置换的比例
启动一个ubuntu容器，限制内存为200M,内存与swap的总和为300M:
docker run -it -m 200M --memory-swap 300M ubuntu:16.04
CPU限制
docker可以通过-c或--cpu-shares设置容器使用的cpu的权重。如果不指定，默认为1024
docker run --name container_A -c 1024 ubuntu
docker run --name container_B -c 512 ubuntu
container_A的cpu share 1024，是 container_B的两倍。当两个容器都需要 CPU资源时，container_A可以得到的 CPU是container_B的两倍。
io限制
•--device-read-bps，限制读某个设备的 bps。
•--device-write-bps，限制写某个设备的 bps。
•--device-read-iops，限制读某个设备的 iops。
•--device-write-iops，限制写某个设备的 iops。
#创建一个容器，限制写的bps为30M
docker run -it --device-write-bps /dev/sda:30MB ubuntu
Docker基础二（镜像管理）
1、镜像命名
一个完整的镜像命名：
[Docker Registry地址/][项目目录/]<名称>:[标签]
示例：
MySQL:5.6
ubuntu
hub.docker.com/library/centos:6.6
2、获取镜像
root@Userver01:~# docker pull ubuntu:16.04
16.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7b8b6451c85f: Already exists
ab4d1096d9ba: Already exists
e6797d1788ac: Already exists
e25c5c290bde: Already exists
Digest: sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:16.04
3、查看镜像信息
root@Userver01:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB
nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB
httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB
centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB
root@Userver01:~# docker inspect a51
[
{
"Id": "sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7",
"RepoTags": [
"ubuntu:16.04"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"ubuntu@sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2018-11-19T21:23:53.455319926Z",
"Container": "f4879d05f303ba132b6cc82988306e44819b9d0872dc891d864374d3a9b51b08",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "f4879d05f303",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:d6ab6854552cda39995558786e1690e20092af93f8145294473ac62fd76c9b1b",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "17.06.2-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:d6ab6854552cda39995558786e1690e20092af93f8145294473ac62fd76c9b1b",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 116379573,
"VirtualSize": 116379573,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d24cfbca95c7fb4a2653aed1fef5e854164d5e452ec1ca1f08d256a841ec9cbe/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1bc9dd6a582662525ae316dca49703acbcc8087c0549354c622cd0c4eb7095de/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/402ffcd593a76628eb8f3b6dd843b195396729227e55c51c896089ca668770ef/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6f5f819b34a36a3cd93e84d2a12a86a3e61f5663a7401ae73cd308211cc3329f/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:41c002c8a6fd36397892dc6dc36813aaa1be3298be4de93e4fe1f40b9c358d99",
"sha256:647265b9d8bc572a858ab25a300c07c0567c9124390fd91935430bf947ee5c2a",
"sha256:819a824caf709f224c414a56a2fa0240ea15797ee180e73abe4ad63d3806cae5",
"sha256:3db5746c911ad8c3398a6b72aa30580b25b6edb130a148beed4d405d9c345a29"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
4、为镜像创建tag
root@Userver01:~# docker tag ubuntu:16.04 dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1
root@Userver01:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu 16.04v1 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB
ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB
nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB
httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB
centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB
5、搜索镜像
root@Userver01:~# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 7407 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 2376 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 552 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql Zabbix Server with MySQL database support 145 [OK]
hypriot/rpi-mysql RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql 102
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi… 77 [OK]
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5 47 [OK]
6、删除镜像（注：如果镜像有容器生成，需要先删除容器）
#如果一个镜像有多个tag，只会删除指定的tag，镜像本身不会删除，如果docker rmi后指定镜像ID，则所有tag都会被删除
root@Userver01:~# docker rmi dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1
Untagged: dl.dockerpool.com/library/ubuntu:16.04v1
root@Userver01:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 16.04 a51debf7e1eb 7 days ago 116MB
nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB
httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB
centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB
root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "ubuntu:16.04" (must force) - container 4683e7b221b7is using its referenced image a51debf7e1eb
root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04 -f
Untagged: ubuntu:16.04
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:e547ecaba7d078800c358082088e6cc710c3affd1b975601792ec701c80cdd39
Deleted: sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7
root@Userver01:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a5a204b817cc a51debf7e1eb "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago gifted_tereshkova
4683e7b221b7 a51debf7e1eb "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago pedantic_swirles
b911f2812e51 httpd "httpd-foreground" About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp modest_vaughan
root@Userver01:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.15 e81eb098537d 10 days ago 109MB
httpd latest 2a51bb06dc8b 11 days ago 132MB
centos 6.6 4e1ad2ce7f78 6 weeks ago 203MB
#删除无标签镜像（即为none）
root@Userver01:~# docker rmi $(docker images -q --filter "dangling=true")
7、导出和载入镜像
root@Userver01:~# docker save -o ubuntu_16.04.tar ubuntu:16.04
root@Userver01:~# docker rmi ubuntu:16.04 -f
Untagged: ubuntu:16.04
Deleted: sha256:a51debf7e1eb2018400cef1e4b01f2e9f591f6c739de7b5d6c142f954f3715a7
root@Userver01:~# docker load --input ubuntu_16.04.tar
Loaded image: ubuntu:16.04
8、通过docker commit提交一个新镜像
docker commit -m "change httpd.conf file" -a "john" b911f2812e51 test #使用b911f2812e51容器生成一个名为test的镜像
-a：指定作者
-m：相关说明信息
-p：提交时暂停容器运行
本文题目：Docker基础
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