GoldenGate的基本原理介绍
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什么是GoldenGate
官方定义：
Oracle GoldenGate is a comprehensive software package for real-time data integration and replication in heterogeneous IT environments.The product set enables high availability solutions, real-time data integration, transactional change data capture, data replication, transformations, and verification between operational and analytical enterprise systems.
大白话版：
Oracle GoldenGate(OGG)只会做一件事：复制数据。除此之外，啥也不会。
专一
高效
跨平台
OGG支持的平台
支持的数据库：
Oracle
MySQL
DB2
SQL Server
NonStop SQL/MX
Sybase
Teradata
TimesTen
PostgreSQL
Informix
支持的平台：
Unix(Solaris,AIX,HP-UX)
Linux
Windows
z/OS
HP NonStop
支持的操作：
DML
DDL
OGG支持的架构
OGG基本原理-Oracle的Redo Log机制
LGWR: Log Writer Process
日志写进程，将缓存中的Change Vector写入到文件(Online Redo Log)中
ARCn: Archiver Processes
归档进程，对Online Redo Log进行拷贝
Redo Log:
记录数据库的变更数据(Change Vector)。
分为：Online Redo Log和Archived Redo Log
OGG基本原理-工作机制
主要进程：
Manager
总控进程
管理其它进程
管理网络端口
管理TRAIL文件
管理运行日志
Extract
数据抓取
数据分发(Data Pump)
Replicat
数据应用
Collector
数据接收
主要文件：
Trail
数据的记录
Checkpoints
数据检查点信息
OGG的安装
环境: CentOS 6.7/Oracle 11.2.0.4/GoldenGate 11.2.1.0.32
Step 1. 设置环境变量
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
Step 2. 解压缩软件包
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
tar xf fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar
Step 3. 安装运行目录
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
./ggsci
GGSCI> create subdirs
OGG实施的基本步骤
场景：源库的表J.T1实时同步到目标库的J.T1
Step 1. 源端OGG账号配置
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE GGS DATAFILE '+DATA01' SIZE 4G;
SQL> CREATE USER GGS IDENTIFIED BY GGS123 DEFAULT TABLESPACE GGS QUOTA UNLIMITED ON GGS;
SQL> GRANT DBA TO GGS;
$ ./keygen 128 1
0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
$ cat > ENCKEYS
DEFKEY 0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
GGSCI> encrypt password GGS123 encryptkey DEFKEY
Encrypted password: AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC
Algorithm used: AES128
Step 2. 源端数据库配置
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
GGSCI> dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI> add trandata J.T1
Step 3. 源端Manager进程配置
GGSCI> edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI> start MGR
Step 4. 源端Extract进程配置
GGSCI> edit params EJT
EXTRACT EJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1")
SETENV (ORACLE_SID="stest")
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER, DBLOGREADERBUFSIZE 2097152
EXTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/EJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
FETCHOPTIONS, FETCHPKUPDATECOLS, USESNAPSHOT, NOUSELATESTVERSION, MISSINGROW REPORT
STATOPTIONS REPORTFETCH
WARNLONGTRANS 1H, CHECKINTERVAL 5M
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 5. 源端添加Extract进程
GGSCI> add extract EJT, tranlog, begin now
GGSCI> add exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract EJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI> start extract EJT
Step 6. 目标端数据库配置
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE;
Step 7. 目标端OGG账号配置
参见Step 1. 源端OGG账号配置
Step 8. 目标端Checkpoint配置
GGSCI> dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI> add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
Step 9. 目标端Manager进程配置
GGSCI> edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggs.checkpoint
ALLOWOUTPUTDIR /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat
GGSCI> edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI> start MGR
Step 10. 源端Data Pump进程配置
GGSCI> edit params PJT
EXTRACT PJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1")
PASSTHRU
RMTHOST tj, MGRPORT 7809
RMTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/PJT.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 11. 源端添加Data Pump进程
GGSCI> add extract PJT, exttrailsource /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
GGSCI> add rmttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract PJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI> start extract PJT
Step 12. 目标端Replicat进程配置
GGSCI> edit params RJT
REPLICAT RJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME = "/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1" )
SETENV (ORACLE_SID="ttest")
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK")
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/RJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
MAP J.T1, TARGET J.T1;
Step 13. 目标端添加Replicat进程
GGSCI> dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI> add replicat RJT, exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
Step 14. 数据初始化-源端数据导出
SQL> SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
CURRENT_SCN
-------------
373926987
$ expdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump tables=J.T1 flashback_scn=373926987 logfile=JT1.expdp.log
Step 15. 数据初始化-目标端数据导入
$ impdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump logfile=JT1.impdp.log
Step 16. 目标端启Replicat进程
GGSCI> start replicat RJT, atcsn 373926987
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