在SpringBoot中使用JWT的实现方法

JWT简介

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简介

JSON Web token简称JWT, 是用于对应用程序上的用户进行身份验证的标记。也就是说, 使用 JWTS 的应用程序不再需要保存有关其用户的 cookie 或其他session数据。此特性便于可伸缩性, 同时保证应用程序的安全。

在身份验证过程中, 当用户使用其凭据成功登录时, 将返回 JSON Web token, 并且必须在本地保存 (通常在本地存储中)。每当用户要访问受保护的路由或资源 (端点) 时, 用户代理(user agent)必须连同请求一起发送 JWT, 通常在授权标头中使用Bearer schema。后端服务器接收到带有 JWT 的请求时, 首先要做的是验证token。

JWT的格式

JWT就是一个字符串,经过加密处理与校验处理的字符串,形式为:A.B.C

A由JWT头部信息header加密得到

B由JWT用到的身份验证信息json数据加密得到

C由A和B加密得到,是校验部分

怎样使用token?

可以放到HTTP请求的请求头中,通常是Authorization字段。

流程图

在SpringBoot中使用JWT的实现方法

jwt流程图.png

JWT 实战

加入Maven jwt 依赖


 io.jsonwebtoken
 jjwt
 0.9.1

在application.proterties中加入配置

# 加密yan
jwt.secret=A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9KALBMCNDOEPFQ0R1S2T3U4V5W6X7Y8Z9
# tocken 过期时间,单位秒
jwt.expire=300
# 需要认证的url,多个URL使用英文逗号,分割
jwt.authorised-urls=/apis/fis/redis/**

JwtHelper工具类

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;

public class JwtHelper {
  private Long EXPIRATION_TIME;
  private String SECRET;
  private final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "Bearer";
  private final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization";

  public JwtHelper(String secret, long expire) {
    this.EXPIRATION_TIME = expire;
    this.SECRET = secret;
    System.out.println("正在初始化Jwthelper,expire="+expire);
  }

  public JSONObject generateToken(Map claims) {
    Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
    c.setTime(new Date());
    c.add(Calendar.SECOND, EXPIRATION_TIME.intValue());
    Date d = c.getTime();
    String jwt = Jwts.builder()
        .setClaims(claims)
        .setExpiration(d)
        .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET)
        .compact();
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("token",TOKEN_PREFIX + " " + jwt);
    json.put("token-type", TOKEN_PREFIX);
    json.put("expire-time",new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:ss:mm").format(d) );
    return json;
  }

  public Map validateTokenAndGetClaims(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String token = request.getHeader(HEADER_STRING);
    System.out.println("token is:"+token);
    if (token == null) {
      return null;
    } 
    Map body = Jwts.parser()
        .setSigningKey(SECRET)
        .parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, ""))
        .getBody();
    return body;
  }
}

JWT过滤器JwtFilter

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.util.AntPathMatcher;

/**
 * JWT过滤器
 * 
 * @author 李庆海
 *
 */
public class JwtFilter implements Filter {
  private JwtHelper jwtHelper;
  private List urls = null;
   private static final org.springframework.util.PathMatcher pathMatcher = new AntPathMatcher();
  public JwtFilter(JwtHelper jwtHelper, String[] authorisedUrls) {
    this.jwtHelper = jwtHelper;
    urls = Arrays.asList(authorisedUrls);
  }

  @Override
  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    //SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this, filterConfig.getServletContext());
  }

  @Override
  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
    HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
    httpResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    httpResponse.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
    httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    if ("OPTIONS".equals(httpRequest.getMethod())) {
      httpResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT.value()); // HttpStatus.SC_NO_CONTENT = 204
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, x-requested-with, Token");
      httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "OPTIONS,GET,POST,DELETE,PUT");
    }
    String spath = httpRequest.getServletPath();
    try {
      // 验证受保护的接口
      for (String url : urls) {
        if (pathMatcher.match(url, spath)) {
          Object token = jwtHelper.validateTokenAndGetClaims(httpRequest);
          if (token != null) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
          }else{
             httpResponse.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED, "未授权或者授权已经过期");
             return;
          }
        }else{
          chain.doFilter(request, response);
          return;
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    chain.doFilter(request, response);
    return;
  }

  @Override
  public void destroy() {

  }
}

配置JWT

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtFilter;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtHelper;

@Configuration
public class JwtConfig {

  @Value("${jwt.secret}")
  private String secret;

  @Value("${jwt.expire}")
  private long expire;

  @Value("${jwt.authorised-urls}")
  private String[] authorisedUrls;

  @Bean
  public JwtHelper jwtHelperBean() {
    return new JwtHelper(secret, expire);
  }

  @Bean
  public FilterRegistrationBean basicFilterRegistrationBean() {
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    JwtFilter filter = new JwtFilter(jwtHelperBean(), authorisedUrls);
    registrationBean.setFilter(filter);
    List urlPatterns = new ArrayList();
    urlPatterns.add("/*");
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(urlPatterns);
    return registrationBean;
  }
}

在Controller中使用JWT

此处仅为说明jwt的用法,在实际应用时可以根据具体的业务需要加入不同的或者更多的参数,一并作为claims进行参数传递。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.jwt.JwtHelper;
import cn.com.yd.fis.client.util.JsonResult;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("${api-url}/auth")
public class AuthorizeController {

  @Autowired
  private JwtHelper jwtHelper;

  @PostMapping("/login")
  public Object login(String loginName,String password) throws Exception {
    Map claims = new HashMap();
    claims.put("loginName", loginName);
    if ("1".equals(password)) {
      return JsonResult.success(jwtHelper.generateToken(claims));
    } else {
      return JsonResult.fail("登录帐号或者登录密码错误");
    }
  }
}

辅助工具类JsonResult

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class JsonResult {
  public static JSONObject success(Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", true);
    json.put("msg", "成功");
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }

  public static JSONObject fail(Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", false);
    json.put("msg", "失败");
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }

  public static JSONObject toJSONObject(boolean state, String msg, Object obj) {
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("state", state);
    json.put("msg", msg);
    if (null != obj) {
      json.put("obj", obj);
    }
    return json;
  }
}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持创新互联。


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