#include 
#include 
#include 
using namespace std; 
 
template 
class SparseMatrix 
{ 
  //三元组 
  template 
  struct Trituple 
  { 
    Trituple()//给一个默认构造函数 
    {} 
    Trituple(size_t row, size_t col, const T& data) 
      :_row(row) 
      ,_col(col) 
      ,_data(data) 
    {} 
    size_t _row; 
    size_t _col; 
    T _data; 
  }; 
public: 
  //稀疏矩阵的压缩存储 
  SparseMatrix() 
  {} 
  SparseMatrix(int* arr, size_t row, size_t col, const T& invalid) 
    :_row(row) 
    ,_col(col) 
    ,_invalid(invalid) 
  { 
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++) 
    { 
      for(int j = 0; j < col; ++j) 
      { 
        if(arr[i*col+j] != invalid)//将有效值存储在一个一维数组中 
        _sm.push_back(Trituple(i,j,arr[i*col+j]));//将三元组的无名对象push进去 
      } 
    }   
  } 
  //访问稀疏矩阵中row行col中的元素 
  T& Acess(int row, int col) 
  { 
    //1、 
    /*for(int idx = 0; idx < _sm.size(); idx++)//遍历一遍 
    { 
      if(_sm[idx]._row == row && _sm[idx]._col == col)//当前行列与我们要访问那个元素行列相同时返回这个有效值 
        return _sm[idx]._data; 
    } 
    return _invalid;*/ //否则返回无效值 
    //2、 
    vector>::iterator it = _sm.begin();//定义一个迭代器,指向起始位置 
    while(it != _sm.end())//未到最后一个元素时 
    { 
      if(it->_row == row && it->_col == col)//行列相等输出值 
        return it->_data; 
      ++it;//迭代器向后移动 
    } 
    return _invalid; 
  } 
  //还原稀疏矩阵 
  template 
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& _cout, SparseMatrix& s)//重载<< 
  { 
    size_t idex = 0; 
    for(size_t i = 0; i < s._row; i++) 
    { 
      for(size_t j = 0; j < s._col; j++) 
      { 
        if(idex < s._sm.size()/*防止数组越界*/ && s._sm[idex]._row == i && s._sm[idex]._col == j) 
        { 
          _cout< Transport() 
  { 
    SparseMatrix sm; 
    sm._row = _col; 
    sm._col = _row; 
    sm._invalid = _invalid; 
    for(size_t i = 0; i < _col; i++) 
    { 
      vector>::iterator it = _sm.begin(); 
      while(it != _sm.end()) 
      { 
        if(it->_col == i)//从原矩阵第0列开始，将每列中的有效值依次放入新的稀疏矩阵 
          sm._sm.push_back(Trituple (i, it->_row, it->_data)); 
        ++it; 
      } 
    } 
    return sm; 
  } 
  //实现稀疏矩阵的快速转置 时间复杂度O(N)+O(M) 
  SparseMatrix FastTransport() 
  { 
    SparseMatrix sm; 
    sm._col = _row; 
    sm._row = _col; 
    sm._invalid = _invalid; 
    sm._sm.resize(_sm.size());//开辟空间 
    //1、统计原矩阵中每一列有多少个有效元素 
    int* pCount = new int[_col];//开辟原矩阵中列个数的空间 
    memset(pCount, 0, _col*sizeof(pCount[0])); 
    for(int i = 0; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
      pCount[_sm[i]._col]++; 
    //2、原矩阵每一列在新矩阵中的起始位值 
    int* pAddr = new int[_col]; 
    memset(pAddr, 0, _col*sizeof(pAddr[0])); 
    for(int i = 1/*从1开始，第一个位置起始为0已经放入*/; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
    { 
      pAddr[i] = pAddr[i - 1] + pCount[i - 1];//前一个起始位值+前一列有效元素个数 
    } 
    //3、放置元素到新空间 
    for(int i = 0; i < _sm.size(); i++) 
    { 
      int& addr = pAddr[_sm[i]._col]; 
      sm._sm[addr] = Trituple(_sm[i]._col,_sm[i]._row,_sm[i]._data); 
      addr++; 
    } 
    return sm; 
  } 
  //实现稀疏矩阵的加法操作1 
  /*SparseMatrix operator+(const SparseMatrix& sp) 
  { 
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0; 
    T v; 
    SparseMatrix s; 
    if(this->_col != sp._col || this->_row != sp._row) 
      exit(1); 
    s._row = sp._row; 
    s._col = sp._col; 
    s._invalid = sp._invalid; 
    while(i < this->_sm.size() && j < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      if(this->_sm[i]._row == sp._sm[j]._row) 
      { 
        if(this->_sm[i]._col < sp._sm[j]._col) 
        { 
          s._sm.push_back(Trituple(this->_sm[i]._row, this->_sm[i]._col, this->_sm[i]._data)); 
          i++; 
          k++; 
        } 
        else if(this->_sm[i]._col > sp._sm[j]._col) 
        { 
          s._sm.push_back(Trituple(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, sp._sm[j]._data)); 
          j++; 
          k++; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
          v = this->_sm[i]._data + sp._sm[j]._data; 
          if(v) 
          { 
            s._sm.push_back(Trituple(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, v)); 
            k++; 
          } 
          i++; 
          j++; 
        } 
      } 
      else if(this->_sm[i]._row < sp._sm[j]._row) 
      { 
        s._sm.push_back(Trituple(this->_sm[i]._row, this->_sm[i]._col, this->_sm[i]._data)); 
        i++; 
        k++; 
      } 
      else 
      { 
        s._sm.push_back(Trituple(sp._sm[j]._row, sp._sm[j]._col, sp._sm[j]._data)); 
        j++; 
        k++; 
      } 
    } 
    return s; 
  }*/ 
  //实现稀疏矩阵的加法操作2 
  SparseMatrix operator+(const SparseMatrix& sp) 
  { 
    assert(_row == sp._row && _col == sp._col);//检测两个相加的矩阵行列是否相等 
    SparseMatrix ret; 
    ret._row = _row; 
    ret._col = _col; 
    ret._invalid = _invalid; 
    int iLidx = 0, iRidx = 0;//定义两个索引 
     
    while(iLidx < _sm.size() && iRidx < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      size_t AddrLeft = _sm[iLidx]._row*_col+_sm[iLidx]._col;//左边矩阵的起始位值 
      size_t AddrRight = sp._sm[iRidx]._row*sp._col+sp._sm[iRidx]._col;//右边矩阵起始位值 
      if(AddrLeft < AddrRight)//左<右，将左边有效值放入和矩阵中，左边的索引加加 
      { 
        ret._sm.push_back(Trituple(_sm[iLidx]._row, _sm[iLidx]._col, _sm[iLidx]._data)); 
        iLidx++; 
      } 
      else if(AddrLeft > AddrRight) 
      { 
        ret._sm.push_back(Trituple(sp._sm[iRidx]._row, sp._sm[iRidx]._col, sp._sm[iRidx]._data)); 
        iRidx++; 
      } 
      else//当左边等于右边判断相加后和是否为0，不为0放入 
      { 
        Trituple temp(_sm[iLidx]); 
        temp._data += sp._sm[iRidx]._data; 
        if(temp._data) 
        { 
          ret._sm.push_back(temp); 
          iLidx++; 
          iRidx++; 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    while(iLidx < _sm.size())//左边还有剩余则放入剩余元素 
    { 
      ret._sm.push_back(Trituple(_sm[iLidx]._row, _sm[iLidx]._col, _sm[iLidx]._data)); 
      iLidx++; 
    } 
    while(iRidx < sp._sm.size()) 
    { 
      ret._sm.push_back(Trituple(sp._sm[iRidx]._row, sp._sm[iRidx]._col, sp._sm[iRidx]._data)); 
      iRidx++; 
    } 
    return ret; 
  } 
private: 
  size_t _row; 
  size_t _col; 
  vector> _sm; 
  T _invalid;//无效值 
}; 
 
int main() 
{ 
  int arr[6][5] = { 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}}; 
  int arr1[6][5] = { 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,0,0}, 
    {0,0,2,4,0}, 
    {1,0,3,0,5}, 
    {0,0,0,1,0}, 
    {0,0,0,0,1}}; 
  SparseMatrix s((int*)arr,6,5,0); 
  SparseMatrix s1((int*)arr1,6,5,0); 
  cout<<"访问三行四列元素"<