理论+实操：源码编译安装LAMP
前言
新北网站建设公司创新互联,新北网站设计制作，有大型网站制作公司丰富经验。已为新北近1000家提供企业网站建设服务。企业网站搭建\外贸网站建设要多少钱，请找那个售后服务好的新北做网站的公司定做！
- Apache网站服务
- MySQL服务
- LAMP架构应用实例
LAMP解释
linux apache mysql php/python
一 ： Apache简介
1.1 Apache 起源
- 源于a patchy server， 著名的开源Web服务软件
- 1995年时，发布apache服务程序的1.0版本
- 有apache软件基金会（ASF）负责维护
- 官方站点：http：//httpd.apache.org/
1.2 apache 官方网页
1.3 apache 主要特点
- 开放源代码、跨平台应用
- 支持多种网页编程语言
- 模块化设计、运行稳定、良好的安全性
1.4 软件版本
- 1.X
- 目前最高版本的是1.3，运行稳定
- 向下兼容性较好，但缺乏一些较新的功能
- 2.X
- 目前最高版本是2.6
- 具有更多的功能特性
- 与1.X相比，配置管理风格存在较大差异
二 ：编译安装httpd服务器
1.1 编译安装的优点
- 具有较大的自由度，功能可定制
- 可及时获得最新的软件版本
- 普遍适用于大多数Linux版本，便于移植使用
1.2 获得apache服务器的软件包
- 参考地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
1.2 编译安装httpd步骤
1.2.1 准备工作
- 卸载httpd及相关依赖包————把环境清空
1.2.2 解压相关文件
- 挂载共享文件夹，使用mount.cifs，若是没有该命令，需要安装一个cifs-utils组件
[root@localhost ~]# cd / [root@localhost /]# mkdir abc [root@localhost /]# mount.cifs //192.168.254.10/linuxs /abc Password for root@//192.168.254.10/linuxs: [root@localhost /]# cd /abc [root@localhost abc]# ls apr-1.4.6.tar.gz MAC 记录与端口扫描脚本.txt apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz pxe.txt dhcp.txt vsftpd添加虚拟用户脚本.TXT extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 修改网卡为静态IP地址.txt httpd-2.4.2.tar.gz 开发系统监控脚本.txt john-1.8.0.tar.gz 引导系统脚本.txt LAMP-C7 测试网段是否存活，测试存活网段的21端口.txt LAMP-C7.rar 监控系统内存cpu磁盘容量1.0.txt LAMP-php5.6.txt [root@localhost abc]# cd LAMP-C7/ [root@localhost LAMP-C7]# ls apr-1.6.2.tar.gz httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz LAMP-php5.6.txt Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz [root@localhost LAMP-C7]#
- 解压压缩包，apr* 是支持跨平台的组件
```css
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvjf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 -C /opt
root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvzf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xvzf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz -C /opt
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
apr-1.6.2 apr-util-1.6.0 httpd-2.4.29 rh
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-1.6.2/ httpd-2.4.29/s
server/ srclib/ support/
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-1.6.2/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr
[root@localhost opt]# mv apr-util-1.6.0/ httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util
[root@localhost opt]# ls
httpd-2.4.29 rh
[root@localhost opt]#
[root@localhost opt]# cd httpd-2.4.29/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE buildconf httpd.dsp libhttpd.mak README.cmake
acinclude.m4 CHANGES httpd.mak LICENSE README.platforms
Apache-apr2.dsw CMakeLists.txt httpd.spec Makefile.in ROADMAP
Apache.dsw config.layout include Makefile.win server
apache_probes.d configure INSTALL modules srclib
ap.d configure.in InstallBin.dsp NOTICE support
build docs LAYOUT NWGNUmakefile test
BuildAll.dsp emacs-style libhttpd.dep os VERSIONING
BuildBin.dsp httpd.dep libhttpd.dsp README
- yum安装编译包，环境包，gcc、gcc-c++、make、pcre-devel、expat-devel、perl，安装过了就不用安了
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel pcre expat-devel.x86_64 make -y
Installed:
expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-10.el7_3 gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
Dependency Installed:
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-1062.9.1.el7
libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Updated:
make.x86_64 1:3.82-24.el7
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.17-292.el7
libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7
Complete!
- 在软件解压包目录下，去配置相关属性：
./configure \ 启用配置
--prefix=/usr/local/httpd \ 指定安装路径
--enable-so \ 核心模块功能开启
--enable-rewrite \ 开启重写功能，用于编辑防盗链等功能
--enable-charset-lite \ 开启字符集功能
--enable-cgi \ 开启识别不同的网关接口功能
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --enable-charset-lite \
> --enable-cgi
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.29
Install prefix: /usr/local/httpd
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# 然后make编译
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make
make makedb makedeltarpm makedumpfile
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make
make[4]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29/support'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]#
接着make install 安装
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# make install
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/httpd-2.4.29'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]#
中间如果出现错错误，就需要重新查看错在哪里
此时已经安装好了，软件目录在/usr/local/httpd，
注意：手动编译安装的核心在配置两个文件，分别是主配置文件和启动脚本文件
先去配置脚本文件
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.29]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games httpd include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# cd httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html '首页'
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd..
bash: cd..: command not found...
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original '有主配置文件'
[root@localhost conf]#
[root@localhost conf]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
ab apu-1-config dbmmanage fcgistarter htdigest httxt2dbm
apachectl apxs envvars htcacheclean htpasswd logresolve
apr-1-config checkgid envvars-std htdbm httpd rotatelogs
[root@localhost bin]#
- 开始配置脚本
[root@localhost bin]# cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd //把/usr/local/httpd/bin/aoachectl 文件 复制到/etc/init.d/下，更名为httpd [root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/init.d/httpd //编辑脚本文件，增加注释信息 #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 35 85 21 '增加 //35级别自动运行 第85个启动 第21个关闭' # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server '增加' # [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --add httpd //把脚本文件加入到service服务器中，让service去管理 [root@localhost bin]# chkconfig --level 35 httpd on //这条命令是让httpd开启自启动，优先级别35，可设可不设
- 脚本配置完毕，接下来开始配置主配置文件[root@localhost bin]# cd ..
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# pwd
/usr/local/httpd/conf
[root@localhost conf]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf
//新建配置文件软连接到到/etc/目录下，便于去找
[root@localhost conf]#
- 修改配置文件[root@localhost conf]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
：set nu
51 Listen 192.168.247.147:80
52 #Listen 80
197 ServerName www.gsy.com:80
[root@localhost conf]# cd /usr/local/httpd/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
ab apu-1-config dbmmanage fcgistarter htdigest httxt2dbm
apachectl apxs envvars htcacheclean htpasswd logresolve
apr-1-config checkgid envvars-std htdbm httpd rotatelogs
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/ /usr/local/bin/
//把安装目录/usr/local/httpd/bin/中的脚本软连接到/usr/local/bin下，便于使用，可以制表符补全
[root@localhost bin]#
- 查询验证是否加入到/bin中[root@localhost bin]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost bin]#
- 开启服务，关闭防火墙增强服务[root@localhost bin]# service httpd start
[root@localhost bin]#
[root@localhost bin]# netstat -natp | grep 'httpd'
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.147:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16643/httpd
[root@localhost bin]#
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost bin]# setenforce 0
- 可以修改首页信息
[root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin etc games httpd include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# cd httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons lib man modules
build conf htdocs include logs manual
[root@localhost httpd]# cd htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.html
It works!
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.html
从萌新到小白
[root@localhost htdocs]#
显示结果如下，因为没有使用utf-8 字符集
# 三：安装MySQL
## 3.1 步骤一样，先去解压源码包
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz -C /opt
## 3.2 然后安装环境包
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# yum install -y ncurses-devel autoconf cmake
已安装:
ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
作为依赖被升级:
ncurses.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-base.noarch 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
ncurses-libs.x86_64 0:5.9-14.20130511.el7_4
已安装:
autoconf.noarch 0:2.69-11.el7 cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-2.el7
作为依赖被安装:
m4.x86_64 0:1.4.16-10.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7
完毕！
## 3.3 环境包安装完毕，接下来就开始配置属性
切换到源码包内可以发现到里面并没有configure脚本，有一个cmake脚本，这也就是为什么需要安装cmake环境包[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt/mysql-5.6.26/
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# ls
BUILD dbug libmysqld regex unittest
BUILD-CMAKE Docs libservices scripts VERSION
client Doxyfile-perfschema man sql vio
cmake extra mysql-test sql-bench win
CMakeLists.txt include mysys sql-common zlib
cmd-line-utils INSTALL-SOURCE mysys_ssl storage
config.h.cmake INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE packaging strings
configure.cmake libevent plugin support-files
COPYING libmysql README tests
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DSYSCONFIDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock
## 3.4 make编译，会很久
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# make
Scanning dependencies of target my_safe_process
[100%] Building CXX object mysql-test/lib/My/SafeProcess/CMakeFiles/my_safe_process.dir/safe_process.cc.o
Linking CXX executable my_safe_process
[100%] Built target my_safe_process
## 3.5 接着make install
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# make install
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/innotest2
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/test-wisconsin
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/compare-results
-- Installing: /usr/local/mysql/sql-bench/bench-init.pl
## 3.6依旧是配置主配置文件和脚本文件
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench
COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -s bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@localhost mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
## 3.7 初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --ldata=/var/lib/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql
New default config file was created as /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings
WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server
## 3.8 接下来配置脚本文件
[root@localhost lib]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
45 basedir=/usr/local/mysql
46 datadir=/home/mysql
## 3.9 配置完毕，可以开启服务，查看接口
[root@localhost lib]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
[root@localhost lib]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 54080/mysqld
[root@localhost lib]#
# 四：安装PHP
## 4.1 安装依赖包，解压源码包
[root@localhost lib]# yum -y install gd libpng libpng-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# tar xjvf php-5.6.11.tar.bz2 -C /opt
## 4.2 然后切换到源码包内去配置属性[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt/php-5.6.11/
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ls
configure pear sapi
里面是configure脚本文件
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-gd --with-zlib --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5 --enable-mbstring
Thank you for using PHP.
config.status: creating php5.spec
config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
config.status: creating scripts/phpize
config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
config.status: creating scripts/php-config
config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
## 4.3 然后make
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# make
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
## 4.4 make install
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# make install
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php5/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php5/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/opt/php-5.6.11/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php5/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php5/include/php/ext/pdo/
## 4.5 编译安装结束，开始配置主配置文件和启动脚本
主配置文件此时安装目录内没有，需要从源码包内复制一份过去[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php5/php.ini
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
## 4.6 接下来需要配置httpd的配置文件，使apache 支持php[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
256 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
394 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
395 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
html网页
## 4.7 新建一个php网页
[root@localhost php-5.6.11]# cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ls -l
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45 6月 12 2007 index.html
[root@localhost htdocs]# cp index.html index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim index.php
[root@localhost htdocs]# cat index.php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost htdocs]#
[root@localhost htdocs]# service httpd restart
[root@localhost htdocs]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
## 4.8 注意：
若是没有下面这一行，php需要重新安装
[root@localhost htdocs]# vim /etc/httpd.conf
156 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
# 五 ：安装一个论坛体验一波
## 5.1 创建mysql管理员[root@localhost /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "abc123"
Enter password:
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost /]#
## 5.2 设置bbs数据库[root@localhost /]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database bbs
-> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use bbs;
Database changed
mysql> show tables
-> ;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'%' identified by 'admin123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
安装论坛中
bbs 数据库 授权给bbsuser用户 @ % 百分号代表所有终端 flush 刷新数据库
## 5.4 解压bbs软件包[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# unzip Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt
Archive: Discuz_X2.5_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@localhost LAMP-C7]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt]# ls
httpd-2.4.29 mysql-5.6.26 php-5.6.11 readme rh upload utility
[root@localhost opt]# cp -r upload /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs/
[root@localhost bbs]# ls
admin.php connect.php forum.php member.php search.php uc_server
api cp.php group.php misc.php source userapp.php
api.php crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php static
archiver data index.php portal.php template
config favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./config
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./data
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./uc_client
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R daemon ./uc_server/data
t@localhost bbs]# service httpd restart
## 5.5 在线安装bbs
### 5.5.1 点我同意
### 5.5.2 最下面，点击下一步
### 5.5.3 全新安装，点击下一步
### 5.5.4 按照最开始的配置去设置，下面的管理员密码是新创建的，得记牢
### 5.5.5 出现这个界面就重新输入地址进入首页
### 5.5.6 在服务器地址后面加/bbs/admin.php会到后台管理员登陆界面
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