PythonFlask如何解决跨域问题
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使用步骤
1. 引入库
pip install flask-cors复制代码
2. 配置
flask-cors 有两种用法,一种为全局使用,一种对指定的路由使用
1. 使用 CORS函数
配置全局路由
from flask import Flask, requestfrom flask_cors import CORS app = Flask(__name__) CORS(app, supports_credentials=True)复制代码
其中 CORS
提供了一些参数帮助我们定制一下操作。
常用的我们可以配置 origins
、methods
、allow_headers
、supports_credentials
所有的配置项如下:
:param resources: The series of regular expression and (optionally) associated CORS options to be applied to the given resource path. If the argument is a dictionary, it's keys must be regular expressions, and the values must be a dictionary of kwargs, identical to the kwargs of this function. If the argument is a list, it is expected to be a list of regular expressions, for which the app-wide configured options are applied. If the argument is a string, it is expected to be a regular expression for which the app-wide configured options are applied. Default : Match all and apply app-level configuration :type resources: dict, iterable or string :param origins: The origin, or list of origins to allow requests from. The origin(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk Default : '*' :type origins: list, string or regex :param methods: The method or list of methods which the allowed origins are allowed to access for non-simple requests. Default : [GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE] :type methods: list or string :param expose_headers: The header or list which are safe to expose to the API of a CORS API specification. Default : None :type expose_headers: list or string :param allow_headers: The header or list of header field names which can be used when this resource is accessed by allowed origins. The header(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk. Default : '*', allow all headers :type allow_headers: list, string or regex :param supports_credentials: Allows users to make authenticated requests. If true, injects the `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header in responses. This allows cookies and credentials to be submitted across domains. :note: This option cannot be used in conjuction with a '*' origin Default : False :type supports_credentials: bool :param max_age: The maximum time for which this CORS request maybe cached. This value is set as the `Access-Control-Max-Age` header. Default : None :type max_age: timedelta, integer, string or None :param send_wildcard: If True, and the origins parameter is `*`, a wildcard `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header is sent, rather than the request's `Origin` header. Default : False :type send_wildcard: bool :param vary_header: If True, the header Vary: Origin will be returned as per the W3 implementation guidelines. Setting this header when the `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` is dynamically generated (e.g. when there is more than one allowed origin, and an Origin than '*' is returned) informs CDNS and other caches that the CORS headers are dynamic, and cannot be cached. If False, the Vary header will never be injected or altered. Default : True :type vary_header: bool复制代码
2. 使用 @cross_origin
来配置单行路由
from flask import Flask, requestfrom flask_cors import cross_origin app = Flask(__name__)@app.route('/')@cross_origin(supports_credentials=True)def hello(): name = request.args.get("name", "World") return f'Hello, {name}!'复制代码
其中 cross_origin
和 CORS
提供一些基本相同的参数。
常用的我们可以配置 origins
、methods
、allow_headers
、supports_credentials
所有的配置项如下:
:param origins: The origin, or list of origins to allow requests from. The origin(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk Default : '*' :type origins: list, string or regex :param methods: The method or list of methods which the allowed origins are allowed to access for non-simple requests. Default : [GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE] :type methods: list or string :param expose_headers: The header or list which are safe to expose to the API of a CORS API specification. Default : None :type expose_headers: list or string :param allow_headers: The header or list of header field names which can be used when this resource is accessed by allowed origins. The header(s) may be regular expressions, case-sensitive strings, or else an asterisk. Default : '*', allow all headers :type allow_headers: list, string or regex :param supports_credentials: Allows users to make authenticated requests. If true, injects the `Access-Control-Allow-Credentials` header in responses. This allows cookies and credentials to be submitted across domains. :note: This option cannot be used in conjuction with a '*' origin Default : False :type supports_credentials: bool :param max_age: The maximum time for which this CORS request maybe cached. This value is set as the `Access-Control-Max-Age` header. Default : None :type max_age: timedelta, integer, string or None :param send_wildcard: If True, and the origins parameter is `*`, a wildcard `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` header is sent, rather than the request's `Origin` header. Default : False :type send_wildcard: bool :param vary_header: If True, the header Vary: Origin will be returned as per the W3 implementation guidelines. Setting this header when the `Access-Control-Allow-Origin` is dynamically generated (e.g. when there is more than one allowed origin, and an Origin than '*' is returned) informs cdns and other caches that the CORS headers are dynamic, and cannot be cached. If False, the Vary header will never be injected or altered. Default : True :type vary_header: bool :param automatic_options: Only applies to the `cross_origin` decorator. If True, Flask-CORS will override Flask's default OPTIONS handling to return CORS headers for OPTIONS requests. Default : True :type automatic_options: bool复制代码
配置参数说明
参数 | 类型 | Head | 默认 | 说明 |
---|---|---|---|---|
resources | 字典、迭代器或字符串 | 无 | 全部 | 配置允许跨域的路由接口 |
origins | 列表、字符串或正则表达式 | Access-Control-Allow-Origin | * | 配置允许跨域访问的源 |
methods | 列表、字符串 | Access-Control-Allow-Methods | [GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE] | 配置跨域支持的请求方式 |
expose_headers | 列表、字符串 | Access-Control-Expose-Headers | None | 自定义请求响应的Head信息 |
allow_headers | 列表、字符串或正则表达式 | Access-Control-Request-Headers | * | 配置允许跨域的请求头 |
supports_credentials | 布尔值 | Access-Control-Allow-Credentials | False | 是否允许请求发送cookie |
max_age | timedelta、整数、字符串 | Access-Control-Max-Age | None | 预检请求的有效时长 |
在 flask 的跨域配置中,我们可以使用 flask-cors
来进行配置,其中 CORS 函数
用来做全局的配置, @cross_origin
来实现特定路由的配置。
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