SELECT单表、多表查询升级及插入删除

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SELECT:查询

    SELECT select-list FROM tb WHERE qualification  根据标准qualification查找对应的行

  查询语句类型:  qualification条件  field领域  distinct独特的,没有重复的

    简单查询:

    多表查询:

    子查询:

SELECT * FROM tb_name: 查询tb_name表的所有信息

SELECT field1,field2 FROM tb_name: 投影显示所设定的领域条目(field),一个field就是一列

SELECT [DISTINCT] * FROM tb_name WHERE qualification;从tb_name表中选择符合条件的独特的不重复的条目。


FROM子句:表、多个表、其他SELECT语句

WHERE子句:布尔关系表达式  =、>、<、<=、>= 表示大于等于,小于等于,大于,小于,等于。

SELECT单表、多表查询升级及插入删除

逻辑关系:AND(与&&)   OR(或||)    NOT(非!)    XOR(异或)

MySQL>SELECT Name,Age,Gender FROM students WHERE NOT Age>20 AND NOT Gender='M'; #选择查询年龄不大于20,且性别不是男的数据,也可以写成下面的条件

mysql> SELECT Name,Age,Gender FROM students WHERE NOT ( Age>20 OR Gender='M' );

特殊关系:BETWEEN ... AND ...  在两者之间之间。

   LIKE ''

       %:任意长度任意字符

       _:任意单个字符

Usage: SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE 'Y%'; 查找Name字段以Y开头的数据。

    SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE '%ing%';查找Name字段中必须包括ing的字段

   SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Name LIKE 'Y___';查找Name字段中Y后面至少跟着3个字符的

 

REGEXP或者RLIKE 支持正则表达式:

   Usage:SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name RLIKE '^[XY].*$';

   查找Name字段行首为X或Y的数据

 IN离散条件的查找:

   Usage: SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Age IN (18,20,25);

    查找Age字段为18或20或25岁的相关数据


有空值的时候,比较:IS NULL ,NOT NULL  ORDER BY ... 以...某字段升序排列

         ORDER BY ... 以...某字段降序排列

   Usage: SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name IS NULL;

     查找Name字段为空值的数据  

   SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Name IS NULL;

     查找Name字段不为空值的数据

按照升序或者降序排列出查找的数据:ORDER BY field_name {ASC|DESC}; 

   ASC升序排列(默认值)DESC降序排列

   SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE CID IS NOT NULL ORDER BY Name;

     查找CID字段不为空的数据并按字段Name的升序排列;

  SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE CID IS NOT NULL ORDER BY Name DESC;

    查找CID字段不为空的数据并按字段Name的降序排列;


字段别名:AS

     Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student;

mysql> SELECT Name FROM student;

+------------+

| Name      |

+------------+

| Li Lianjie |

| Cheng Long |

| Yang Guo   |

| Guo Jing   |

+------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student;

+--------------+

| Student_Name| AS别名为Student_Name

+--------------+

| Li Lianjie   |

| Cheng Long   |

| Yang Guo     |

| Guo Jing     |

+--------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

LIMIT子句:LIMIT [offset,]Count  offset偏移多少,Count显示多少

  Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 3;

       查找显示Name别名为Student_Name,只显示前3个数据

  Usage: SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 2,2;

   查找显示Name别名为Student_Name,偏移掉前2个数据不显示,显示第2个数据后的2个数据

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 3;

+--------------+

| Student_Name |

+--------------+

| Li Lianjie   |

| Cheng Long   |

| Yang Guo     |

+--------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name AS Student_Name FROM student LIMIT 2,2;

+--------------+

| Student_Name |

+--------------+

| Yang Guo     |

| Guo Jing     |

+--------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

聚合运算:SUM()求和,MIN()最小值,MAX()最大值,AVG()平均值,COUNT()统计字段中相同数值的个数;

  新建立一张表:

mysql> CREATE TABLE class(ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,Name CHAR(20) NOT NULL UNSIGNED, Age TINYINT NOT NULL);

mysql> INSERT INTO class (Name,Age) VALUES ('Yang Guo',22),('Guo Jing',46),('Xiao Longnv',18),('Huang Rong',40);

mysql> DESC class;

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| ID    | int(11)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| Name  | char(20)   | NO   |     | NULL    |                |

| Age   | tinyint(4) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM class;

+----+-------------+-----+

| ID | Name        | Age |

+----+-------------+-----+

|  1 | Yang Guo    |  22 |

|  2 | Guo Jing    |  46 |

|  3 | Xiao Longnv |  18 |

|  4 | Huang Rong  |  40 |

+----+-------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUM(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| SUM(Age) |

+----------+

|      126 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> SELECT MAX(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| MAX(Age) |

+----------+

|       46 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MIN(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| MIN(Age) |

+----------+

|       18 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(Age) FROM class;

+----------+

| AVG(Age) |

+----------+

|  31.5000 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

分组:GROUP BY ... HAVING qualification   根据...分组 并且满足条件qualification

 对于GROUP BY的条件选择需用HAVING作为条件筛选,而不是用WHERE

mysql> SELECT Age,Gender FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender; #以性别分组显示

+-----+--------+

| Age | Gender |

+-----+--------+

|  18 | F      |

|  22 | M      |

+-----+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT AVG(Age),Gender FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender; #求男同学和女同学的平均年龄。

+----------+--------+

| AVG(Age) | Gender |

+----------+--------+

|  29.0000 | F      |

|  34.0000 | M      |

+----------+--------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT Name,AVG(Age) FROM class1 GROUP BY Gender HAVING Name RLIKE 'Y.*'; 

#求以Gender分组的年龄平局值,且只显示以Y开头的Name字段的平均值和姓名

+----------+----------+

| Name     | AVG(Age) |

+----------+----------+

| Yang Guo |  34.0000 |

+----------+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SELECT用法归纳:

SELECT单表、多表查询升级及插入删除

多表查询:

    连接:

      交叉连接:笛卡尔乘积 (Usag:SELECT * FROM students,course;查询students和course表的                      内容)

      自然连接:

Usage: SELECT students.Name,courses.Course FROM students,courses WHERE students.CID1=courses.CID  查询students表和courses表CID1=CID的选项,并显示名称

      外连接: 

         左外连接:左表 LEFT JOIN 右表 ON 条件

         右外连接:左表 RIGHT JOIN 右表 ON 条件

 Usage:

SELECT s.Name,c.Name FROM students AS s LEFT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;

显示左表中所有学生,并查看他们所选修的课程名称,没有选修课程的直接显示NULL

SELECT s.Name,c.Name FROM students AS s RIGHT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;

查看右表中所有选修课程,并查看有哪些学生选修了,课程没有被选修的直接显示NULL

     自连接:

         对于一个表自己的多个字段进行连接查询

 Usage:

SELECT c.Name AS student,s.Name AS teacher FROM students AS c,students AS s WHERE 

 c.TID=s.SID;

查看students表中TID和SID相同的字段,并显示他们的学生名和老师名。AS取别名

子查询:

    查询语句里面嵌套其他的子查询,比较操作中使用子查询,子查询只能返回单个值;

  Usage: SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Age > (SELECT AVG(Age) FROM students);

   查询年龄大于平均年龄的学生姓名

   IN (): 使用子查询

  Usage:SELECT Name FROM students WHERE Age IN(SELECT Age FROM teacheers);

   查询学生年龄中与老师年龄一样的学生姓名,IN表示子查询可以是一组数值。

   FROM中也可以插入子查询:

  Usage:SELECT Name,Age FROM (SELECT Name,Age FROM students) AS t WHERE t.Age >= 20;

   从SELECT查询的结构的表中再从中查询其他符合条件的数据


联合查询:

     UNION :把两张表连接成一张表查询显示出来

  Usage: (SELECT Name,Age FROM class) UNION (SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses)

    把courses表中CID和Couse字段跟class表中的Name和Age字段联合起来显示为一张表

mysql> SELECT Name,Age FROM class;

+-------------+-----+

| Name        | Age |

+-------------+-----+

| Yang Guo    |  22 |

| Guo Jing    |  46 |

| Xiao Longnv |  18 |

| Huang Rong  |  40 |

+-------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses;

+-----+-----------+

| CID | Couse     |

+-----+-----------+

|   1 | physics   |

|   2 | english   |

|   3 | chemistry |

|   4 | maths     |

+-----+-----------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> (SELECT Name,Age FROM class) UNION (SELECT CID,Couse FROM courses);

+-------------+-----------+

| Name        | Age       |

+-------------+-----------+

| Yang Guo    | 22        |

| Guo Jing    | 46        |

| Xiao Longnv | 18        |

| Huang Rong  | 40        |

| 1           | physics   |

| 2           | english   |

| 3           | chemistry |

| 4           | maths     |

+-------------+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)


实例:

  1.挑选出courses表中没有被students表中的CID2学习的课程的课程名称;

msyql> SELECT Cname FROM courses WHERE CID NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT CID2 FROM students

WHERE CID2 IS NOT NULL); #SELECT DISTINCT CID2 FROM students WHERE CID2 IS NOT NULL从students表中找出CID2不为空的且不重复的行,然后从courses表中找到CID不在刚才查找的那些行

里面的Cname的值


  2.找出students表中CID2有两个或者以上的同学学习了的,同一门课程的课程名称;

msyql> SELECT Cname FROM courses WHERE CID IN (SELECT CID2 FROM students GROUP 

BY CID2 HAVING COUNT(CID2) >= 2); #查找一门课程至少2个同学学习,并显示课程名称。


  3.显示每一个课程及其相关的老师,没有老师教授的课程将其老师显示为空;

msyql> SELECT t.Tname,c.Cname FROM teachers AS t RIGHT JOIN courses AS c ON t.CID=c.TID; 

 

  4.显示每一位老师及其所教授的课程,没有教授的课程保持为null;

msyql> SELECT t.Tname,c.Cname FROM teachers AS t LEFT JOIN courses AS c ON t.CID=c.TID;

  5.显示每位同学的CID1课程名及其讲授了相关课程的老师名称;

msyql> SELECT Name,Cname,Tname FROM students,courses,teachers WHERE students.CID1=courses.CID AND courses.CID=teachers.CID;

看了以上介绍SELECT单表、多表查询升级及插入删除,希望能给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助。本文由于篇幅有限,难免会有不足和需要补充的地方,大家可以继续关注创新互联行业资讯板块,会定期给大家更新行业新闻和知识,如有需要更加专业的解答,可在官网联系我们的24小时售前售后,随时帮您解答问题的。

 


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