如何使用Express+Less+Gulp配置高效率开发环境
这篇文章主要介绍如何使用Express+Less+Gulp配置高效率开发环境，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
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配置
下面说下我的配置方法：
我的目录结构：
├── app.js # Express Server ├── bin │ └── www # 启动Server ├── dist # 编译压缩目录(部署目录) │ ├── css │ ├── img │ ├── js │ ├── views │ └── lib # 第三方库目录(bower安装) ├── .bowerrc # bower前端安装库 ├── gulpfile.js # Gulp配置文件 ├── package.json ├── public # 开发目录 │ ├── img │ ├── js │ └── less ├── routes │ ├── index.js │ └── users.js └── views # html ├── error.ejs └── index.ejs
package.json文件内容：
{
"name": "voteapp",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "app.js",
"dependencies": {
"body-parser": "~1.13.2",
"cookie-parser": "~1.3.5",
"debug": "~2.2.0",
"ejs": "~2.3.3",
"express": "~4.13.1",
"morgan": "~1.6.1",
"serve-favicon": "~2.3.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"browser-sync": "^2.18.6",
"del": "^2.2.2",
"gulp": "^3.9.1",
"gulp-cache": "^0.4.5",
"gulp-clean-css": "^2.3.2",
"gulp-concat": "^2.6.1",
"gulp-ejs": "^2.3.0",
"gulp-htmlmin": "^3.0.0",
"gulp-imagemin": "^3.1.1",
"gulp-less": "^3.3.0",
"gulp-livereload": "^3.8.1",
"gulp-nodemon": "^2.2.1",
"gulp-uglify": "^2.0.0",
"gulp-watch": "^4.3.11"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\">gulpfile.js文件
'use strict';
var gulp = require('gulp');
var minify = require('gulp-clean-css');
var browserSync = require('browser-sync');
var nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');
var cache = require('gulp-cache');
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');
var htmlmin = require('gulp-htmlmin');
var imagemin = require('gulp-imagemin');
var less = require('gulp-less');
var path = require('path');
var livereload = require('gulp-livereload');
var concat = require('gulp-concat');
var jshint = require('gulp-jshint');
var cssBase64 = require('gulp-base64');
var del = require('del');
// 删除文件
gulp.task('clean', function(cb) {
del(['dist/css/*', 'dist/js/*', 'dist/img/*','dist/views/*'], cb)
});
// 压缩ejs
gulp.task('ejs', function() {
return gulp.src('views/**/*.ejs')
.pipe(htmlmin({collapseWhitespace: true}))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/views/'));
});
// 压缩less
gulp.task('less', function () {
return gulp.src('public/less/**/*.less')
.pipe(less({
paths: [ path.join(__dirname, 'less', 'includes') ]
}))
.pipe(cssBase64())
.pipe(minify())
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/css/'));
});
// 压缩js
gulp.task('js', function () {
return gulp.src('public/js/**/*.js')
.pipe(jshint())
.pipe(jshint.reporter('default'))
.pipe(uglify({ compress: true }))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/js/'))
});
// 压缩img
gulp.task('img', function() {
return gulp.src('public/img/**/*') //引入所有需处理的Img
.pipe(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true })) //压缩图片
// 如果想对变动过的文件进行压缩，则使用下面一句代码
// .pipe(cache(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true })))
.pipe(gulp.dest('dist/img/'))
// .pipe(notify({ message: '图片处理完成' }));
});
// 浏览器同步，用7000端口去代理Express的3008端口
gulp.task('browser-sync', ['nodemon'], function() {
browserSync.init(null, {
proxy: "http://localhost:3008",
files: ["dist/views/*.*","dist/css/*.*","dist/js/*.*","dist/img/*.*"],
browser: "google chrome",
port: 7000
});
});
// 开启Express服务
gulp.task('nodemon', function (cb) {
var started = false;
return nodemon({
script: 'bin/www'
}).on('start', function () {
// to avoid nodemon being started multiple times
// thanks @matthisk
if (!started) {
cb();
started = true;
}
});
});
gulp.task('build',['clean','less','ejs','js','img'],function () {
});
gulp.task('default',['browser-sync'],function(){
// 将你的默认的任务代码放这
// 监听所有css文档
gulp.watch('public/less/*.less', ['less']);
// 监听所有.js档
gulp.watch('public/js/*.js', ['js']);
// 监听所有图片档
gulp.watch('public/img/**/*', ['img']);
// 监听ejs
gulp.watch('views/**/*.ejs', ['ejs']);
// 创建实时调整服务器 -- 在项目中未使用注释掉
var server = livereload();
// 监听 dist/ 目录下所有文档，有更新时强制浏览器刷新（需要浏览器插件配合或按前文介绍在页面增加JS监听代码）
gulp.watch(['public/dist/**']).on('change', function(file) {
server.changed(file.path);
});
});app.js文件
var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var favicon = require('serve-favicon');
var logger = require('morgan');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var routes = require('./routes/index');
var users = require('./routes/users');
var app = express();
// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'dist/views'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
//app.use(favicon(path.join(__dirname, 'public', 'favicon.ico')));
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'dist')));
app.use('/', routes);
app.use('/users', users);
// catch 404 and forward to error handler
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
var err = new Error('Not Found');
err.status = 404;
next(err);
});
// error handlers
// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
res.status(err.status || 500);
res.render('error', {
message: err.message,
error: err
});
});
}
// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
res.status(err.status || 500);
res.render('error', {
message: err.message,
error: {}
});
});
module.exports = app;然后先在根目录下执行安装：npm install，使用时先运行gulp build将文件压缩、打包、编译，然后再执行gulp开启自动更新服务器。
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