Linuxudev动态管理OracleASM磁盘-实验
1 概述
在Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6以前，Oracle都是采用ASMLib包来管理ASM磁盘。但是2011年5月甲骨文发表了一份声明，声明中称Oracle将不再提供Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6的ASMLib包和相关更新。
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甲骨文在这份声明中表示，ASMLib更新将通过Unbreakable Linux Network（ULN）来发布，并仅对Oracle Linux客户开放。ULN虽然为甲骨文和红帽的客户服务，但如果客户想要使用ASMLib，就必须使用Oracle的kernel来替换掉红帽的kernel。
本实验部署Oracle+ASM，不再采用ASMLib，而是采用udev动态管理ASM磁盘。
注意：Linux 内核 2.6以上才支持udev。
虚拟机：VMware Workstation 9
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6
系统内核：2.6.18-238.el5
数据库：Oracle Database 11.2.0.1
2 实验步骤
之前已经基于udev的方式创建过ASM磁盘，而且已经安装好Oracle Grid 、Oracle Database，并创建好了数据库，接下来将添加4块1G磁盘，分别扩展现有ASM磁盘组DG_DATA，新建ASM磁盘组DG_NEW_DATA。
查看新添加的磁盘，分别为/dev/sdb、/dev/sdg、/dev/sdh、/dev/sdi。
[root@ora32 dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 65 522081 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 66 457 3148740 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 458 2871 19390455 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdf: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdf1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdg doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdh: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdh doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdi: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdi doesn't contain a valid partition table
分别对4块磁盘进行分区，每块磁盘分1个区即可。
[root@ora32 dev]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 65 522081 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 66 457 3148740 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 458 2871 19390455 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdf: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdf1 1 261 2096451 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdg: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdg1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdh: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdh2 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdi: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdi1 1 130 1044193+ 83 Linux
现在需要通过udev来管理这几个磁盘设备文件，通过规则文件将磁盘映射为固定名称，并赋予所属用户，用户组，操作权限等。
查看udev规则文件
[root@ora32 dev]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d
[root@ora32 rules.d]# ll
total 248
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515 Nov 25 2010 05-udev-early.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 948 Dec 8 2010 40-multipath.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16153 Nov 25 2010 50-udev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 163 Dec 11 2010 51-dlm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 471 Nov 25 2010 51-hotplug.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138 May 10 17:28 55-usm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58016 Oct 13 2006 60-libsane.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143 Oct 13 2010 60-net.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1088 Jul 18 2006 60-pcmcia.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 316 Sep 22 2010 60-raw.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9175 Nov 13 2010 60-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Nov 30 2010 61-uinput-stddev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 214 Nov 30 2010 61-uinput-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1823 Sep 19 2008 85-pcscd_ccid.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 114 Aug 29 2008 90-alsa.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 61 Nov 25 2010 90-dm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Nov 4 2010 90-hal.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 107 Nov 25 2010 95-pam-console.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 292 Nov 30 2010 98-kexec.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 669 May 13 13:51 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Sep 16 2012 99-oracle.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 334 Sep 15 2012 99-vmware-scsi-udev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2319 Jul 9 2008 bluetooth.rules
udev规则文件“99-oracle-asmdevices.rules”之前已经创建好，看一下当前的映射规则和ASM磁盘情况。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# cat 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_3", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_4", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
规则解释，以第一条为例。
系统启动时，udev根据系统总线scsi（BUS=="scsi"）和内核设备文件名sd?1（KERNEL=="sd?1"），过滤出需要动态映射的设备，然后再利用/sbin/scsi_id（PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id"）命令输出的SCSI磁盘id，输出结果中匹配上"36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71"的SCSI磁盘，则会应用后续的命名、授权等操作（NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"），SCSI磁盘ID可以通过/sbin/scsi_id命令获取。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdc/sdc1
36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdd/sdd1
36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sde/sde1
36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdf/sdf1
36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5
从上述结果可以看出，udev已经做了如下映射关系。
/block/sdc/sdc1 => ASM_DISK_2G_1
/block/sdd/sdd1 => ASM_DISK_2G_2
/block/sde/sde1 => ASM_DISK_2G_3
/block/sdf/sdf1 => ASM_DISK_2G_4
[grid@ora32 dev]$ ll ASM*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 33 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 49 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 65 May 13 14:54 ASM_DISK_2G_3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 81 May 13 14:57 ASM_DISK_2G_4
通过Oracle视图看一下当前磁盘组、磁盘的使用情况。
[grid@ora32 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon May 13 14:54:01 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> col name for a10
SQL> SELECT group_number,name,type,state,total_mb,free_mb,offline_disks FROM V$ASM_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME TYPE STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB OFFLINE_DISKS
------------ ---------- ------ ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 DG_DATA EXTERN MOUNTED 8188 6448 0
SQL> col group# for 99
SQL> col disk# for 99
SQL> col name for a5
SQL> col path for a11
SQL> col LABEL for a7
SQL> col FAILGROUP for a10
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER group#,DISK_NUMBER disk#,LABEL,STATE,FAILGROUP,name,path,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB from v$asm_disk;
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 2 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
02 TA_00 SK_2G_3
02
1 3 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1611
03 TA_00 SK_2G_4
03
1 1 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1613
01 TA_00 SK_2G_2
01
GROUP# DISK# LABEL STATE FAILGROUP NAME PATH TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------ ----- ------- -------- ---------- ----- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 0 NORMAL DG_DATA_00 DG_DA /dev/ASM_DI 2047 1612
00 TA_00 SK_2G_1
00
现将新增的4块硬盘通过udev映射为需要的设备文件，然后将其中2块增加到ASM磁盘组DG_DATA中，另外2块则新建一个ASM磁盘组DG_NEW_DATA。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdb/sdb1
36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdg/sdg1
36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /block/sdh/sdh2
36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca
[root@ora32 rules.d]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -s /blokc/sdi/sdi1
新增设备映射规则
[root@ora32 rules.d]# vi 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29c9a269653c7cd04ea2edb0c71", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29861258ebc95eded634a1f36fd", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c296fd09d9ed213df1999820ca89", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_3", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c2934ae12fd4af0dd366d85b42f5", NAME="ASM_DISK_2G_4", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600", NAME="ASM_DISK_1G_1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb", NAME="ASM_DISK_1G_2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c292aa4a4ebbb25d15d2084c01ca", NAME="ASM_DISK_1G_3", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id",
RESULT=="36000c29a98ca1bd8a0012e99f992a19d", NAME="ASM_DISK_1G_4", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
如果是第一次配置udev映射关系，需要如下操作。
1、 在目录/etc/udev/rules.d/中新建99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件。
2、配置SCSI设备为可信任设备，配置/etc/scsi_id.config文件，添加options=-g配置项。
[root@ora32 rules.d]# cat /etc/scsi_id.config
#
# scsi_id configuration
#
# lower or upper case has no affect on the left side. Quotes (") are
# required for spaces in values. Model is the same as the SCSI
# INQUIRY product identification field. Per the SCSI INQUIRY, the vendor
# is limited to 8 bytes, model to 16 bytes.
#
# The first matching line found is used. Short matches match longer ones,
# if you do not want such a match space fill the extra bytes. If no model
# is specified, only the vendor string need match.
#
# ptions=
# vendor=string[,model=string],options=
# some libata drives require vpd page 0x80
vendor="ATA",options=-p 0x80
options=-g
测试udev能否正确映射
[root@ora32 ~]# testudev /block/sdg/sdg1
-bash: testudev: command not found
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdb/sdb1
main: looking at device '/block/sdb/sdb1' from subsystem 'block'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-17'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id' returned with status 4
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
udev_rules_get_name: rule applied, 'sdb1' becomes 'ASM_DISK_1G_1'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' (stdout) '36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600'
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id' returned with status 0
udev_device_event: device '/block/sdb/sdb1' already in database, validate currently present symlinks
udev_node_add: creating device node '/dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1', major = '8', minor = '17', mode = '0660', uid = '503', gid = '504'
udev_node_add: creating symlink '/dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1' to '../../ASM_DISK_1G_1'
udev_node_add: creating symlink '/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1' to '../../ASM_DISK_1G_1'
main: run: 'socket:/org/kernel/udev/monitor'
main: run: '/lib/udev/udev_run_devd'
main: run: 'socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event'
main: run: '/sbin/pam_console_apply /dev/ASM_DISK_1G_1 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-36000c2968513d97eb7cdd25bdbd10600-part1 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1'
main: run: '/bin/sh -c 'echo 180 >/sys/block/sdb/sdb1/timeout''
[root@ora32 ~]# udevtest /block/sdg/sdg1
main: looking at device '/block/sdg/sdg1' from subsystem 'block'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-id/scsi-36000c29682ba5ec7a4c8a189499a89bb-part1'
udev_rules_get_name: add symlink 'disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:10.0-scsi-0:0:6:0-part1'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id --export /dev/.tmp-8-97'
run_program: '/lib/udev/vol_id' returned with status 4
run_program: '/sbin/scsi_id'
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