xtrabackup备份恢复MySQL数据库
1. 全量备份恢复：
- 查看原表内容：
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f |
| 2 | lisi | 15 | m |
| 3 | wanger | 25 | m |
| 4 | liuwu | 24 | f |
| 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f |
+----+------------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)- 备份：
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp
180916 11:56:18 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
......
中间省略
......
180916 11:56:22 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 11:56:22 All tables unlocked
180916 11:56:22 Backup created in directory '/tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18'
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 11:56:22 [00] ...done
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 11:56:22 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602080) to (1602080) was copied.
180916 11:56:23 completed OK!
[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped #备份类型:全量备份
from_lsn = 0 #起始lsn
to_lsn = 1602080 #结束lsn
last_lsn = 1602080 #总共多少个lsn
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_info
uuid = 7a05430c-b964-11e8-889e-000c29080758
name =
tool_name = innobackupex #备份工具名称
tool_command = --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=... /tmp #备份时使用的命令
tool_version = 2.3.6 #工具版本
ibbackup_version = 2.3.6
server_version = 5.5.60-MariaDB
start_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:18 #备份开始时间
end_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:22 #备份结束时间
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos =
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1602080
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N #是否启用压缩
encrypted = N #是否加密- 准备(apply)备份
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:06:16 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
......
中间省略
......
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602582
180916 12:06:19 completed OK! #此处显示completed OK即表示完成
- 恢复备份:
- 停止MySQL服务
- 删库
[root@jenkins ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*- 通过全量备份恢复数据
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:11:19 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
180916 12:11:19 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
180916 12:11:19 [01] ...done
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 completed OK! #显示completed OK即为完成- 修改恢复后文件的属主,属组为mysql
[root@jenkins ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql -l
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 test
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info
[root@jenkins ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@jenkins ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info- 启动MySQL并查看
[root@jenkins ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@jenkins ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f |
| 2 | lisi | 15 | m |
| 3 | wanger | 25 | m |
| 4 | liuwu | 24 | f |
| 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f |
+----+------------+------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)2. 增量备份及恢复:
- 全量备份:
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp/
180916 12:17:01 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:17:03 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 12:17:03 All tables unlocked
180916 12:17:03 Backup created in directory '/tmp//2018-09-16_12-17-01'
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 12:17:03 [00] ...done
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:17:03 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602592) to (1602592) was copied.
180916 12:17:03 completed OK!- 修改数据库,进行第一次增量备份
- 在testdb.students中添加一条数据:
MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (6,'xiaoming',20,'f');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f |
| 2 | lisi | 15 | m |
| 3 | wanger | 25 | m |
| 4 | liuwu | 24 | f |
| 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f |
| 6 | xiaoming | 20 | f |
+----+------------+------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)- 增量备份:
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:23:28 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:23:30 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602735) to (1602735) was copied.
180916 12:23:30 completed OK!- 再添加一条数据,进行第二次增量备份:
- 增加一条数据
MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (8,'daming',20,'m');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)- 第二次增量备份(若此时--incremental-basedir指的是第一次全量备份路径,则为差异备份):
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/
180916 12:29:08 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:29:10 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:29:10 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1603615) to (1603615) was copied.
180916 12:29:10 completed OK!- 准备(prepare)数据:
- 需要在每个备份(包括完全和各个增量备份)上，将已经提交的事务进行“重放”。“重放”之后，所有的备份数据将合并到完全备份上。
- 基于所有的备份将未提交的事务进行“回滚”
(1) 准备全量备份文件
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[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:34:06 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602592
180916 12:34:06 completed OK!(2) 准备第一次增量备份文件:
注: --incremental-dir所指的目录必须为绝对路径
[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28
180916 12:38:17 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:38:18 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:38:18 [00] ...done
180916 12:38:18 completed OK!(3) 准备第二次增量备份文件:
[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08/
180916 12:42:56 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:42:57 [01] ...done
180916 12:42:57 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:42:57 [00] ...done
180916 12:42:57 completed OK!(4) 执行回滚操作
[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:46:15 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1604128
180916 12:46:18 completed OK!
(5) 关闭MySQL并删除/var/lib/mysql/下所有文件
(6) 恢复数据：
[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --copy-back 2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:48:39 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中间省略
.....
180916 12:48:40 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:48:40 [01] ...done
180916 12:48:40 completed OK!(6) 修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件的属主、属组并启动数据库并查看
[root@jenkins mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@jenkins mysql]# ll
total 28692
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:48 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 testdb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 462 Sep 16 12:48 xtrabackup_info
[root@jenkins mysql]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@jenkins mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students;
+----+------------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------------+------+--------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f |
| 2 | lisi | 15 | m |
| 3 | wanger | 25 | m |
| 4 | liuwu | 24 | f |
| 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f |
| 6 | xiaoming | 20 | f |
| 8 | daming | 20 | m |
+----+------------+------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
本文名称：xtrabackup备份恢复MySQL数据库
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