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Mac系统下搭建MySQL环境的具体步骤

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方法一：用dmg镜像安装

1、安装

官网下载好 MySQL Mac 版安装包，常规步骤安装，安装过程中会出现如下提示：

2019-03-24T18:27:31.043133Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: TdfRm19!o0Xi

其中TdfRm19!o0Xi是初始密码，最好先记住！

2、登陆

在终端命令行 登陆mysql:

$ mysql -u root -p
# 输入上述密码即可

如果这一步提示: bash: mysql: command not found, 执行下面2个命令做个软连接即可：

cd /usr/local/bin
ln -fs /usr/local/mysql-8.0.11-macos10.13-x86_64/bin/mysql mysql

3、修改密码

在 MySQL8.0.4 以前，执行 SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('新密码') 即可。但新版本不能这样改了，因为密码认证变了。具体步骤可以参考 https://blog.csdn.net/yi247630676/article/details/80352655。

方法二：用 Homebrew 进行安装

总所周知，Mac 可以利用 homebrew 进行安装管理，十分方便，如果没有安装 homebrew, 可以点击 https://brew.sh/ 安装。

下面是 mysql 的安装方式

$ brew install mysql   # 安装指定版本： brew install mysql@1.1.1

接下来只要等待就可以了，出现下面文字后我们已经很清楚我们需要做什么了：

==> mysql
We've installed your MySQL database without a root password. To secure it run:
    mysql_secure_installation

MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default

To connect run:
    mysql -u root

To have launchd start mysql now and restart at login:
  brew services start mysql
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  mysql.server start

按说明继续执行，进行初始化操作：

$ myysql_secure_installation

初始化过程中会有很多问题，以下是具体问题部分，以注释为解释：

Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y   ## 回复y 需要密码8位以上，回复n 则不做限制

The password validation component is not available. Proceeding with the further steps without the component.
Please set the password for root here.

New password:   ## 设置你的密码

Re-enter new password:   ## 再次输入你的密码

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y    ## 是否移除匿名用户。考虑安全我选了y
Success.


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   ## 是否允许远程连mysql 的 root。我用做本地调试，不是远程服务器，所以y了
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y      ## 是否y了删除test数据库，我选了y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y      ## 选y, 重新加载权限列表
Success.

All done!

到此配置就结束了，下面我们启动 mysql 即可，记住以下命令：

$ mysql -u root -p   ## 登陆 mysql
$ brew services start mysql@5.7   ## 启动 mysql
$ brew services stop mysql@5.7   ## 停止 mysql
$ mysql.server start   ## 启动 mysql(无后台服务)

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