iOS中数组的操作示例
小编给大家分享一下iOS中数组的操作示例,相信大部分人都还不怎么了解,因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获,下面让我们一起去了解一下吧!
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数组是线性结构是容器类型,是一块连续的内存空间, iOS 中用 NSArray 和 NSMutableArray 集合类型,用来存放对象类型,其中 NSArray是不可变类型, NSMutableArray 是可变类型,能够对数组中元素进行增删改查.
本文作者本着学习的态度,决定仿照NSArray和NSMutableArray 自己实现一个数组类型,当然性能可能没有 NSArray和NSMutableArray 的好,插入100000万条数据,时间上是 NSMutableArray 的三倍左右 ,当然平时使用过程中很少100000次这样大的数据往数组里添加,因此性能方面可以忽略.
ArrayList.h 主要方法声明 完全照搬 NSArray 和 NSMutableArray 的方法名称
先发下测试结果
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{ Person *p1 = [[Person alloc] init]; NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:100000]; // ArrayList *array = [ArrayList arrayWithCapacity:100000]; CFAbsoluteTime startTime =CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent(); for (int i = 0; i<100000; i++) { [array addObject:p1]; } CFAbsoluteTime linkTime = (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - startTime); CFTimeInterval duration = linkTime * 1000.0f; NSLog(@"Linked in %f ms",duration); [self->_timeArray addObject:@(duration)]; count++; }); NSMutableArray 5.081740292635832 ms ArrayList 16.27591523257168 ms 以下是 ArrayList 的具体实现 ,内部是一个 C语言的数组用来存放对象 // // ArrayList.m // ArrayList // // Created by dzb on 2018/7/19. // Copyright © 2018 大兵布莱恩特. All rights reserved. // #import "ArrayList.h" static NSInteger const defaultCapacity = 10; typedef void * AnyObject; @interface ArrayList () { AnyObject *_array; NSInteger _size; NSInteger _capacity; } @end @implementation ArrayList #pragma mark - init - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { [self resetArray]; } return self; } + (instancetype)array { return [[ArrayList alloc] initWithCapacity:defaultCapacity]; } + (instancetype)arrayWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems { return [[ArrayList alloc] initWithCapacity:numItems]; } - (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItems { _capacity = numItems; _array = calloc(_capacity,sizeof(AnyObject)); _size = 0; return self; } /** 数组重置 */ - (void) resetArray { _size = 0; if (_array != NULL) _array[_size] = NULL; free(_array); _capacity = defaultCapacity; _array = calloc(_capacity, sizeof(AnyObject)); } #pragma makr - 增加操作 - (void)addObject:(id)anObject { [self insertObject:anObject atIndex:_size]; } - (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index { if (!anObject) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"add object null." reason:@"object must be not null ." userInfo:nil]; return; } ///判越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } if (_size == _capacity-1) { ///判断原来数组是否已经满了 如果满了就需要增加数组长度 [self resize:2*_capacity]; } ///交换索引位置 if (self.count > 0 ) { for(NSInteger i = _size - 1 ; i >= index ; i--) _array[i + 1] = _array[i]; } self->_array[index] = (__bridge_retained AnyObject)(anObject); _size++; } #pragma mark - 删除操作 - (void)removeAllObjects { NSInteger i = _size-1; while (_size > 0) { [self removeObjectAtIndex:i]; i--; } [self resetArray]; } - (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { ///判断越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } AnyObject object =(_array[index]); CFRelease(object); for(NSInteger i = index + 1 ; i < _size ; i ++) _array[i - 1] = _array[i]; _size--; _array[_size] = NULL; ///对数组空间缩减 if (_size == _capacity/2) { [self resize:_capacity/2]; } } - (void)removeObject:(id)anObject { NSInteger index = [self indexOfObject:anObject]; if (index == NSNotFound) return; [self removeObjectAtIndex:index]; } - (void)removeLastObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return; [self removeObjectAtIndex:_size-1]; } #pragma mark - 修改操作 - (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)anObject { if (!anObject) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"add object null." reason:@"object must be not null ." userInfo:nil]; return; } ///判断越界 if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return; } _array[index] = (__bridge AnyObject)(anObject); } #pragma mark - 查询操作 - (BOOL) isEmpty { return (self->_size == 0); } - (BOOL) isFull { return (self->_size == self->_capacity-1); } - (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { if ((index > _size)) { @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"Array is out of bounds" reason:@"out of bounds" userInfo:nil]; return nil; } if ([self isEmpty]) { return nil; } AnyObject obj = _array[index]; if (obj == NULL) return nil; return (__bridge id)(obj); } - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject { for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { id obj = (__bridge id)(_array[i]); if ([anObject isEqual:obj]) return i; } return NSNotFound; } - (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject { for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { id obj = (__bridge id)(_array[i]); if ([anObject isEqual:obj]) return YES; } return NO; } - (id)firstObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return nil; return (__bridge id _Nullable)(_array[0]); } - (id)lastObject { if ([self isEmpty]) return nil; return (__bridge id _Nullable)(_array[_size]); } - (NSUInteger)count { return _size; } - (NSString *)description { NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"\nArrayList %p : [ \n" ,self]; for (int i = 0; i<_size; i++) { AnyObject obj = _array[i]; [string appendFormat:@"%@",(__bridge id)obj]; if (i<_size-1) { [string appendString:@" , \n"]; } } [string appendString:@"\n]\n"]; return string; } /** 对数组扩容 @param capacity 新的容量 */ - (void) resize:(NSInteger)capacity { AnyObject *oldArray = _array; AnyObject *newArray = calloc(capacity, sizeof(AnyObject)); for (int i = 0 ; i<_size; i++) { newArray[i] = oldArray[i]; } _array = newArray; _capacity = capacity; free(oldArray); } - (void)dealloc { if (_array != NULL) [self removeAllObjects]; free(_array); // NSLog(@"ArrayList dealloc"); } @end
经过测试 数组内部会对存入的对象 进行 retain 操作 其引用计数+1 ,当对象从数组中移除的时候 能够正常的使对象内存引用计数-1,因此不必担心对象内存管理的问题. 数组默认长度是10 , 如果在开发者不确定数组长度时候 ,其内部可以动态的扩容增加数组长度,当执行 remove 操作时候 也会对数组内部长度 进行相应的缩减
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