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Java实现文件监控器FileMonitor的实例代码

应用场景：

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代码可以实现文件变化后的监听，如文件变化，自动重新加载文件内容，实现配置文件的热部署。

代码： 

package com.yx.demo.filemonitor;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
 
/**
 * FileMonitor
 * 文件监控器
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:59
 */
public class FileMonitor {
 
  /**
   * 每2秒更新的默认监控器
   */
  private static FileMonitor defaultFileMonitor = new FileMonitor(2 * 1000);
 
  private Timer timer_;
  private HashMap files_; // File -> Long
  private List fileEntrys = new java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList();
  private Collection> listeners_; // of WeakReference(FileListener)
 
  private long pollingInterval = 10000;
 
  public static FileMonitor getDefaultFileMonitor() {
    return defaultFileMonitor;
  }
 
  /**
   * Create a file monitor instance with specified polling interval.
   *
   * @param pollingInterval Polling interval in milli seconds.
   */
  public FileMonitor(long pollingInterval) {
    this.pollingInterval = pollingInterval;
 
    files_ = new HashMap();
    listeners_ = new ArrayList>();
 
    timer_ = new Timer("FileMonitor", true);
    timer_.schedule(new FileMonitorNotifier(), 0, pollingInterval);
  }
 
  /**
   * Stop the file monitor polling.
   */
  public void stop() {
    timer_.cancel();
    timer_ = null;
  }
 
  public void start() {
    if (timer_ == null) {
      timer_ = new Timer(true);
      timer_.schedule(new FileMonitorNotifier(), 0, pollingInterval);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Add file to listen for. File may be any java.io.File (including a
   * directory) and may well be a non-existing file in the case where the
   * creating of the file is to be trepped.
   * 

   * More than one file can be listened for. When the specified file is
   * created, modified or deleted, listeners are notified.
   *
   * @param file File to listen for.
   */
  public void addFile(String id, File file) {
    if (!files_.containsKey(file)) {
 
      FileEntry entry = new FileEntry(id, file, file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
      files_.put(file, entry);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * 添加监控文件实体。
   *
   * @param fileEntry
   */
  public void addFileEntry(FileEntry fileEntry) {
    if (!fileEntrys.contains(fileEntry)) {
      fileEntrys.add(fileEntry);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * 通过文件实体的标识判断监控文件实体是否存在。
   *
   * @param id
   * @return
   */
  public boolean fileEntryExists(String id) {
    if (id == null) {
      return false;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < fileEntrys.size(); i++) {
      if (id.equals(fileEntrys.get(i).getId())) {
        return true;
      }
    }
 
    return false;
  }
 
  /**
   * 通过文件实体标识删除一个监控文件实体。
   *
   * @param id
   */
  public void removeFileEntry(String id) {
    if (id == null) {
      return;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < fileEntrys.size(); i++) {
      if (id.equals(fileEntrys.get(i).getId())) {
        fileEntrys.remove(i);
        return;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Remove specified file for listening.
   *
   * @param file File to remove.
   */
  public void removeFile(File file) {
    files_.remove(file);
  }
 
  /**
   * Add listener to this file monitor.
   *
   * @param fileListener Listener to add.
   */
  public void addListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    // Don't add if its already there
    for (Iterator> i = listeners_.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      WeakReference reference = i.next();
      FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
      if (listener == fileListener) {
        return;
      }
    }
 
    // Use WeakReference to avoid memory leak if this becomes the
    // sole reference to the object.
    listeners_.add(new WeakReference(fileListener));
  }
 
  /**
   * Remove listener from this file monitor.
   *
   * @param fileListener Listener to remove.
   */
  public void removeListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    for (Iterator> i = listeners_.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      WeakReference reference = (WeakReference) i.next();
      FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
      if (listener == fileListener) {
        i.remove();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * This is the timer thread which is executed every n milliseconds according
   * to the setting of the file monitor. It investigates the file in question
   * and notify listeners if changed.
   */
  private class FileMonitorNotifier extends TimerTask {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        for (Iterator i = fileEntrys.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
          try {
            FileEntry entry = i.next();
            if (entry == null || !entry.check()) {
              i.remove();
            }
          } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("执行文件监控发生错误:" + t.getMessage());
          }
        }
 
        // Loop over the registered files and see which have changed.
        // Use a copy of the list in case listener wants to alter the
        // list within its fileChanged method.
        Collection files = new ArrayList(files_.keySet());
 
        for (Iterator i = files.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
          File file = i.next();
          try {
            FileEntry fileEntry = files_.get(file);
            long lastModifiedTime = fileEntry.getLastModified();
            long newModifiedTime = file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1;
 
            //logger.debug(file.getAbsolutePath());
            //logger.debug("  {}=>{}", lastModifiedTime, newModifiedTime);
            // Chek if file has changed
            if (newModifiedTime != lastModifiedTime) {
              //logger.debug("file changed {})", file.getAbsolutePath());
              fileEntry.setLastModified(newModifiedTime);
              // Register new modified time
              files_.put(file, fileEntry);
 
              if (fileEntry.getFileListener() != null) {
                fileEntry.getFileListener().fileChanged(fileEntry);
              } else {
                // Notify listeners
                for (Iterator> j =
                    listeners_.iterator(); j.hasNext(); ) {
                  WeakReference reference =
                      (WeakReference) j.next();
                  FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
 
                  // Remove from list if the back-end object has been GC'd
                  if (listener == null) {
                    j.remove();
                  } else {
                    listener.fileChanged(fileEntry);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (file != null) {
              t.printStackTrace();
              System.out.println(
                  "file monitor execute error, file=" + file.getAbsolutePath() +
                      t.getMessage());
            } else {
              System.out.println(
                  "file monitor execute error, file=null" + t.getMessage());
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        System.out.println("执行文件监控发生错误" + t.getMessage());
      }
    }
  }
}
package com.yx.demo.filemonitor;
 
/**
 * FileListener
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:55
 */
public interface FileListener {
 /**
 * 
 * @param fileEntry
 */
 public void fileChanged(FileEntry fileEntry);
}

package com.yx.demo.filemonitor; 

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
/**
 * FileEntry
 * 文件Entry，如果FileEntry指定了FileListener，那么当文件发生变动时只触发指定的FileListener
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:56
 */
public class FileEntry {
  String id;
  File file;
  long lastModified;
  FileListener fileListener = null;
  Object userData;
  WeakReference reference = null;
  /**
   * 构造函数。
   *
   * @param id
   * @param file
   */
  public FileEntry(String id, File file) {
    this(id, file, file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
  }
  public FileEntry(Object reference, String id, File file) {
    this(id, file, file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
    reference = new WeakReference(reference);
  }
  /**
   * 构造函数。
   *
   * @param id      标识
   * @param file     要监控的文件
   * @param lastmodified 最后修改日期
   */
  public FileEntry(String id, File file, long lastmodified) {
    super();
    this.id = id;
    this.file = file;
    this.lastModified = lastmodified;
  }
  public boolean check() {
    if (reference != null && reference.get() == null) {
      //监控对象已经不存在，请求FileMonitor删除自己
      return false;
    }
    long newModifiedTime = file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1;
    if (lastModified != newModifiedTime) {
      this.lastModified = newModifiedTime;
      FileListener ls = this.getFileListener();
      if (ls == null) {
        return false;
      } else {
        try {
          ls.fileChanged(this);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          System.err.println("执行文件监控事件监听" + e.getMessage());
        }
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      return true;
    }
  }
  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public File getFile() {
    return file;
  }
  public void setFile(File file) {
    this.file = file;
  }
  public long getLastModified() {
    return lastModified;
  }
  public void setLastModified(long lastModified) {
    this.lastModified = lastModified;
  }
  public FileListener getFileListener() {
    return fileListener;
  }
  public void setFileListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    this.fileListener = fileListener;
  }
  public Object getUserData() {
    return userData;
  }
  public void setUserData(Object userData) {
    this.userData = userData;
  }
}
使用demo:
// 文件路径
String fileName = "conf/database.xml";
// 文件监控
FileListener fileListener = new FileListener() {
@Override
public void fileChanged(FileEntry fileEntry) {
// TODO 文件变化后的业务处理
}
};
File file = new File(fileName);
FileEntry fileEntry = new FileEntry("database", file);
// 设置文件监控
fileEntry.setFileListener(fileListener);
FileMonitor.getDefaultFileMonitor().addFileEntry(fileEntry);
总结
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