SpringBoot如何实现错误处理机制与自定义错误处理
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【1】SpringBoot的默认错误处理
① 浏览器访问
请求头如下:
② 使用“PostMan”访问
{ "timestamp": 1529479254647, "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/aaa1" }
请求头如下:
总结:如果是浏览器访问,则SpringBoot默认返回错误页面;如果是其他客户端访问,则默认返回JSON数据。
【2】默认错误处理原理
SpringBoot默认配置了许多xxxAutoConfiguration,这里我们找ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration。
其注册部分组件如下:
① DefaultErrorAttributes
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() { return new DefaultErrorAttributes(); }
跟踪其源码如下:
public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered { private static final String ERROR_ATTRIBUTE = DefaultErrorAttributes.class.getName() + ".ERROR"; @Override public int getOrder() { return Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE; } @Override public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) { storeErrorAttributes(request, ex); return null; } private void storeErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) { request.setAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ex); } @Override public MapgetErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap (); errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; } private void addStatus(Map errorAttributes, RequestAttributes requestAttributes) { Integer status = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.status_code"); if (status == null) { errorAttributes.put("status", 999); errorAttributes.put("error", "None"); return; } errorAttributes.put("status", status); try { errorAttributes.put("error", HttpStatus.valueOf(status).getReasonPhrase()); } catch (Exception ex) { // Unable to obtain a reason errorAttributes.put("error", "Http Status " + status); } } private void addErrorDetails(Map errorAttributes, RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Throwable error = getError(requestAttributes); if (error != null) { while (error instanceof ServletException && error.getCause() != null) { error = ((ServletException) error).getCause(); } errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName()); addErrorMessage(errorAttributes, error); if (includeStackTrace) { addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error); } } Object message = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.message"); if ((!StringUtils.isEmpty(message) || errorAttributes.get("message") == null) && !(error instanceof BindingResult)) { errorAttributes.put("message", StringUtils.isEmpty(message) ? "No message available" : message); } } private void addErrorMessage(Map errorAttributes, Throwable error) { BindingResult result = extractBindingResult(error); if (result == null) { errorAttributes.put("message", error.getMessage()); return; } if (result.getErrorCount() > 0) { errorAttributes.put("errors", result.getAllErrors()); errorAttributes.put("message", "Validation failed for object='" + result.getObjectName() + "'. Error count: " + result.getErrorCount()); } else { errorAttributes.put("message", "No errors"); } } private BindingResult extractBindingResult(Throwable error) { if (error instanceof BindingResult) { return (BindingResult) error; } if (error instanceof MethodArgumentNotValidException) { return ((MethodArgumentNotValidException) error).getBindingResult(); } return null; } private void addStackTrace(Map errorAttributes, Throwable error) { StringWriter stackTrace = new StringWriter(); error.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(stackTrace)); stackTrace.flush(); errorAttributes.put("trace", stackTrace.toString()); } private void addPath(Map errorAttributes, RequestAttributes requestAttributes) { String path = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.request_uri"); if (path != null) { errorAttributes.put("path", path); } } @Override public Throwable getError(RequestAttributes requestAttributes) { Throwable exception = getAttribute(requestAttributes, ERROR_ATTRIBUTE); if (exception == null) { exception = getAttribute(requestAttributes, "javax.servlet.error.exception"); } return exception; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private T getAttribute(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, String name) { return (T) requestAttributes.getAttribute(name, RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST); } }
即,填充错误数据!
② BasicErrorController
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) { return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(), this.errorViewResolvers); }
跟踪其源码:
@Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { //产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理 @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html") public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Mapmodel = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理; @RequestMapping @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity
其中 resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);方法跟踪如下:
public abstract class AbstractErrorController implements ErrorController { protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Mapmodel) { //拿到所有的错误视图解析器 for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null) { return modelAndView; } } return null; } //... }
③ ErrorPageCustomizer
@Bean public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer() { return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties); }
跟踪其源码:
@Override public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) { ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.properties.getServletPrefix() + this.properties.getError().getPath()); errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage); } //getPath()->go on /** * Path of the error controller. */ @Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error";
即,系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)。
④ DefaultErrorViewResolver
@Bean @ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean public DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() { return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext, this.resourceProperties); }
跟踪其源码:
public class DefaultErrorViewResolver implements ErrorViewResolver, Ordered { private static final MapSERIES_VIEWS; //错误状态码 static { Map views = new HashMap (); views.put(Series.CLIENT_ERROR, "4xx"); views.put(Series.SERVER_ERROR, "5xx"); SERIES_VIEWS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(views); } //... @Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map model) { // 这里如果没有拿到精确状态码(如404)的视图,则尝试拿4XX(或5XX)的视图 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map model) { //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404||error/4xx String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析 TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext); if (provider != null) { //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址 return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model); } //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); } private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map model) { //从静态资源文件夹下面找错误页面 for (String location : this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) { try { Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location); resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html"); if (resource.exists()) { return new ModelAndView(new HtmlResourceView(resource), model); } } catch (Exception ex) { } } return null; }
总结如下:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则),就会来到/error请求,然后被BasicErrorController处理返回ModelAndView或者JSON。
【3】定制错误响应
① 定制错误响应页面
1)有模板引擎的情况下
error/状态码–将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的error文件夹下,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面。
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html)。
如下图所示:
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
2)没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找。
3)以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面。
WebMVCAutoConfiguration源码如下:
@Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) @Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class) protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration { private final SpelView defaultErrorView = new SpelView( "Whitelabel Error Page
" + "This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.
" + "${timestamp}" + "There was an unexpected error (type=${error}, status=${status})." + "${message}"); @Bean(name = "error") @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error") public View defaultErrorView() { return this.defaultErrorView; } // If the user adds @EnableWebMvc then the bean name view resolver from // WebMvcAutoConfiguration disappears, so add it back in to avoid disappointment. @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(BeanNameViewResolver.class) public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() { BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver(); resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10); return resolver; } }
② 定制错误响应数据
第一种,使用SpringMVC的异常处理器
@ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { //浏览器客户端返回的都是json @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public MaphandleException(Exception e){ Map map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); return map; } }
这样无论浏览器还是PostMan返回的都是JSON!
第二种,转发到/error请求进行自适应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){ Mapmap = new HashMap<>(); //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx /** * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code"); */ request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message","用户出错啦"); //转发到/error return "forward:/error"; }
但是此时没有将自定义 code message传过去!
第三种,注册MyErrorAttributes继承自DefaultErrorAttributes(推荐)
从第【2】部分(默认错误处理原理)中知道错误数据都是通过DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes()
方法获取,如下所示:
@Override public MapgetErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap (); errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; }
我们可以编写一个MyErrorAttributes继承自DefaultErrorAttributes重写其getErrorAttributes方法将我们的错误数据添加进去。
示例如下:
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { //返回值的map就是页面和json能获取的所有字段 @Override public MapgetErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { //DefaultErrorAttributes的错误数据 Map map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); map.put("company","SpringBoot"); //我们的异常处理器携带的数据 Map ext = (Map ) requestAttributes.getAttribute("ext", 0); map.put("ext",ext); return map; } }
异常处理器修改如下:
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){ Mapmap = new HashMap<>(); //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx /** * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code"); */ request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message","用户出错啦"); //将自定义错误数据放入request中 request.setAttribute("ext",map); //转发到/error return "forward:/error"; }
5xx.html页面代码如下:
//...//... status:[[${status}]]
timestamp:[[${timestamp}]]
exception:[[${exception}]]
message:[[${message}]]
ext:[[${ext.code}]]
ext:[[${ext.message}]]
浏览器测试效果如下:
Postman测试效果如下:
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